ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2021
Nanovesicles derived from bispecific CAR-T cells targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for treating COVID-19.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell-inspired therapeutic delivery platforms: From nanomedicines to cell therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- RVG-targeted extracellular vesicles loaded with echinatin attenuate dopaminergic neurodegeneration via the IGF-2/PI3K/Akt pathway in Parkinson's disease mice.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- CAR-T therapy: Advances in respiratory diseases.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Nanocarrier-based immunotherapy for viral diseases.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Lung metastasis and recurrence is mitigated by CAR macrophages, in-situ-generated from mRNA delivered by small extracellular vesicles.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CLDN18.2 CAR-derived Extracellular Vesicle Immunotherapy Improves Outcome in Murine Pancreatic Cancer.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Bioengineered extracellular vesicles: The path to precision medicine in liver diseases.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Engineering exosomes and exosome-like nanovesicles for improving tissue targeting and retention.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- The expanded application of CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of multiple non-tumoral diseases.Protein & cell · 2024Article
- The construction of modular universal chimeric antigen receptor T (MU-CAR-T) cells by covalent linkage of allogeneic T cells and various antibody fragments.Molecular cancer · 2024Article
- Target delivery of a PD-1-TREM2 scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in colorectal cancer.Molecular cancer · 2023Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cell and regulatory T cell therapy in non-oncology diseases: A narrative review of studies from 2017 to 2023.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Inhalable CAR-T cell-derived exosomes as paclitaxel carriers for treating lung cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Bioengineered extracellular vesicles: future of precision medicine for sepsis.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Review
- Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and impaired kidney function during the Omicron surge.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Review
- Antiviral Cell Products against COVID-19: Learning Lessons from Previous Research in Anti-Infective Cell-Based Agents.Biomedicines · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConsidering the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need to develop effective treatments. At present, neutralizing antibodies and small-molecule drugs such as remdesivir, the most promising compound to treat this infection, have attracted considerable attention. However, some potential problems need to be concerned including viral resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization caused by selective pressure from a single antibody treatment, the unexpected antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, and the toxic effect of small-molecule drugs.
resultsHere, we constructed a type of programmed nanovesicle (NV) derived from bispecific CAR-T cells that express two single-chain fragment variables (scFv), named CR3022 and B38, to target SARS-CoV-2. Nanovesicles that express both CR3022 and B38 (CR3022/B38 NVs) have a stronger ability to neutralize Spike-pseudovirus infectivity than nanovesicles that express either CR3022 or B38 alone. Notably, the co-expression of CR3022 and B38, which target different epitopes of spike protein, could reduce the incidence of viral resistance. Moreover, the lack of Fc fragments on the surface of CR3022/B38 NVs could prevent ADE effects. Furthermore, the specific binding ability to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the drug loading capacity of CR3022/B38 NVs can facilitate targeted delivery of remdesiver to 293 T cells overexpressing spike protein. These results suggest that CR3022/B38 NVs have the potential ability to target antiviral drugs to the main site of viral infection, thereby enhancing the antiviral ability by inhibiting intracellular viral replication and reducing adverse drug reactions.
conclusionsIn summary, we demonstrate that nanovesicles derived from CAR-T cells targeting the spike protein of SARS-COV-2 have the ability to neutralize Spike-pseudotyped virus and target antiviral drugs. This novel therapeutic approach may help to solve the dilemma faced by neutralizing antibodies and small-molecule drugs in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.