ArticleJPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition2022
Energy- and protein-enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies.
Article in JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breastfeeding infants with CHD: an evidence summary and recommendations from the Cardiac Newborn Neuroprotective Network, a special interest group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative.Cardiology in the young · 2025Guideline
- Achieving Protein Requirements Through Oral Feeding in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Infections and nutrient deficiencies during infancy predict impaired growth at 5 years: Findings from the MAL-ED study in Pakistan.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Energy- and protein-enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2022Article
- Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, content validation, and clinical feasibility of the nutritional pathway for infants with congenital heart disease before surgery.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and improvement in weight gain with an energy- and protein-enriched formula (EPEF) in infants with poor growth.
methodsInfants aged 1-8 months with poor growth received EPEF for 16 weeks. Our primary objective was improvement in weight as measured by change in weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight gain velocity (grams per day) ≥ median for age. Secondary objectives included improvement in other anthropometric z-scores, formula tolerance, and safety.
resultsTwenty-six patients with poor growth due to congenital heart disease (n = 15), other organic causes (n = 9), and nonorganic causes (n = 2) completed the study per protocol. Mean daily energy intake was 123 ± 32 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight, with >90% of energy coming from EPEF. Weight gain velocity exceeded the median for 83% (20 of 24) and 67% (16 of 24) of infants at ≥1 time point and for the overall study period, respectively. Mean ± SD WAZ improved from -2.92 ± 1.04 at baseline to -2.01 ± 1.12 at 16 weeks (P = 0.0001). Z-scores for weight-for-length and head circumference (P = 0.0001) and for length-for-age (P = 0.003) improved significantly at 16 weeks. Compared with baseline, stool consistency was different at 2, 4, and 16 weeks (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in vomiting, fussiness, or daily number of stools while there was a decrease or no change in spit-up, flatulence, crying, or gassiness.
conclusionEPEF is safe, well tolerated, and improves weight gain in infants with poor growth.
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