SynthesisJournal of medical Internet research2021
Electronic Monitoring Systems for Hand Hygiene: Systematic Review of Technology.
Synthesis in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Effects of the Implementation of Intelligent Technology for Hand Hygiene in Hospitals: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Pooled it
- Fostering hand disinfections in medical facilities: discussion of ethical conflicts and technical solutions.BMC medical ethics · 2026Article
- ATP Bioluminescence Feedback Is Associated with Reduced Residual Hand Contamination Among Healthcare Workers: A Single-Center Before-and-After Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Hand Hygiene Technique in Uzbekistan: First Experience from Semmelweis Scanner-Based Digital Assessment in Educational Institutions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Real-World Dataset for detecting Handwashing in daily Life using Wrist Motion Data from Wearables.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Evaluating hand hygiene compliance: a digital-based approach for assessing healthcare worker practices in the teaching hospitals in Malaysia.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Observational
- Changes in Alcohol-Based Handrub Usage Among Hospital Staff Four Years After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Centre Observational Time-Series Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of infection risk in hospitalised adults: a multicentre cross-sectional study using a structured risk assessment tool.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
- Artificial intelligence for monitoring hand hygiene compliance in healthcare settings: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol-based hand rub consumption and hand hygiene compliance: a cross-sectional study using digital direct-observation tools in Slovakia.Infection prevention in practice · 2025Article
- RGB-D Cameras and Brain-Computer Interfaces for Human Activity Recognition: An Overview.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions for the Integration of Automation in Nursing Practice: Discursive Study.JMIR nursing · 2025Review
- Understanding Personal Protective Equipment Use in Interdisciplinary Medical Settings: Design Explorations for Just-in-Time Compliance Alerts: Improving PPE Practices in Medical Settings Through Alert Design.DIS. Designing Interactive Systems (Conference) · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Hand Hygiene Accuracy: A New Era in Infection Control for Dental Practices.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Article
- Healthcare-Associated Infections: The Role of Microbial and Environmental Factors in Infection Control-A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- On board the technology ship for patient safety؛ use of electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems in healthcare.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Hand hygiene adherence in intensive care units: comparison before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a municipality of São Paulo state.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- IoT-Based Hand Hygiene Compliance Monitoring System and Validation of Its Effectiveness in Hospital Environments.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2024Article
- A Review on Assisted Living Using Wearable Devices.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHand hygiene is one of the most effective ways of preventing health care-associated infections and reducing their transmission. Owing to recent advances in sensing technologies, electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems have been integrated into the daily routines of health care workers to measure their hand hygiene compliance and quality.
objectiveThis review aims to summarize the latest technologies adopted in electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems and discuss the capabilities and limitations of these systems.
methodsA systematic search of PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore Digital Library was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were initially screened and assessed independently by the 2 authors, and disagreements between them were further summarized and resolved by discussion with the senior author.
resultsIn total, 1035 publications were retrieved by the search queries; of the 1035 papers, 89 (8.60%) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were retained for review. In summary, 73 studies used electronic monitoring systems to monitor hand hygiene compliance, including application-assisted direct observation (5/73, 7%), camera-assisted observation (10/73, 14%), sensor-assisted observation (29/73, 40%), and real-time locating system (32/73, 44%). A total of 21 studies evaluated hand hygiene quality, consisting of compliance with the World Health Organization 6-step hand hygiene techniques (14/21, 67%) and surface coverage or illumination reduction of fluorescent substances (7/21, 33%).
conclusionsElectronic hand hygiene monitoring systems face issues of accuracy, data integration, privacy and confidentiality, usability, associated costs, and infrastructure improvements. Moreover, this review found that standardized measurement tools to evaluate system performance are lacking; thus, future research is needed to establish standardized metrics to measure system performance differences among electronic hand hygiene monitoring systems. Furthermore, with sensing technologies and algorithms continually advancing, more research is needed on their implementation to improve system performance and address other hand hygiene-related issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.