ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2023
Psychiatric comorbidity in the Baltimore ECA follow-up study: the matrix approach.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond DSM Categories: Criteria for Biologically Valid Disease Axes in Psychiatry.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Investigating the Use of Antidepressants in Treating Major Depressive Disorder:Saudi medical journal · 2026Article
- Co-occurring mental and substance use disorders in Australia 2020-2022: Prevalence, patterns, conditional probabilities and correlates in the general population.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundPsychiatric comorbidity is defined as the joint occurrence of two or more mental or substance use disorders. Widespread psychiatric comorbidity has been reported in treatment and population-based studies. The aim of this study was to measure the extent and impact of psychiatric comorbidity in a cohort of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study.
methodsWe examined the comorbidity burden of 16 mental disorders in a cohort of 847 participants using both established and novel analytical approaches The Comorbidity to Diagnosis Inflation Ratio (CDIR), is a statistical instrument that quantifies impact of pairwise comorbid associations, both on the whole sample, as well as on each specific disorder.
resultsMost anxiety disorders had substantial co-occurrence with each other, as well as with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, mood disorders had a high degree of comorbidity with Alcohol Dependence (AD). The CDIR for the whole sample was 1.32, indicating a ratio of 132 comorbidities per 100 diagnoses. The conditions with high sample prevalence were relatively less comorbid than the low prevalence conditions. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder had a comorbidity burden that was 89% greater than the overall sample.
conclusionAnxiety disorders are highly interrelated, as well as highly comorbid with depression. The comorbidity phenomenon is linked to the differential prevalence of the analyzed conditions. Comorbidity frequency (most prevalent comorbid condition) appears mutually exclusive to comorbidity burden (most widely interrelated condition). While AD and MDD were the most frequently diagnosed disorders; low prevalence conditions as OCD and GAD were the most widely interrelated.
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