ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Sex and region-specific effects of variable stress on microglia morphology.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- TNF-dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity: implications for psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Region-specific demographic determinants and hemispheric asymmetry of perivascular space burden in healthy adults: a quantitative 3T neuroimaging study.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Brain region and sex differences in human microglia morphology and function.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Chronic variable stress leads to sex specific gut microbiome alterations in mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Stress Response: Classical Mechanisms and Beyond.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Genetic loss of the dopamine transporter significantly impacts behavioral and molecular responses to sub-chronic stress in mice.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Parkinson's LRRK2-G2019S risk gene mutation drives sex-specific behavioral and cellular adaptations to chronic variable stress.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- The role of the Toll like receptor 4 signaling in sex-specific persistency of depression-like behavior in response to chronic stress.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Microglial P2Y12 mediates chronic stress-induced synapse loss in the prefrontal cortex and associated behavioral consequences.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Stressed Microglia: Neuroendocrine-Neuroimmune Interactions in the Stress Response.Endocrinology · 2023Review
- TREM2 deficiency inhibits microglial activation and aggravates demyelinating injury in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Microglia-specific transcriptional repression of interferon-regulated genes after prolonged stress in mice.Neurobiology of stress · 2022Article
- Editorial commentary on the special issue emerging psychoneuroimmunology research: Future leaders in focus.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a common and debilitating mood disorder that is more prevalent in women than men. In humans, PET imaging of microglia activation is currently being explored as a potential biomarker of MDD and suicidal ideation. Stress is a trigger for many mood disorders, including MDD. Microglial changes in morphology and activation state in response to stress has been reported in various brain regions, but most studies only examined male subjects. Here we report changes in microglia morphology in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and subregions of the hippocampus (HPC) in both male and female mice following variable stress of 6 or 28 days in duration. Our data demonstrate that after 6 days of stress, microglia in the female NAc and dentate gyrus have a reduction in homeostatic associated morphology and an increase in primed microglia. After 28 days some of these sex specific stress effects were still present in microglia within the NAc but not the dentate gyrus. There were no effects of stress in either sex at either timepoint in CA1. In female mice, anti-inflammatory activation of microglia using rosiglitazone promoted sociability behavior after 6 days of stress. Furthermore, both drug and stress have impact on microglia morphology and activation state in the NAc. These data suggest that microglia morphology and activation state are altered by 6 days of variable stress in a region-specific manner and may contribute to, or potentially compensate for, the onset of stress susceptibility rather than impacting long term exposure to stress.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.