ArticleiScience2021
Fooled twice: People cannot detect deepfakes but think they can.
Article in iScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Illusions of Understanding from Outsourcing Thinking to LLMs.Computational brain & behavior · 2026Article
- Human perception of AI-generated post-treatment orthodontic facial images: factors associated with misclassification.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Human detection of AI-generated faces and voices is not domain-general.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- People have different expectations for their own versus others' use of AI-mediated communication tools.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- Is this real? Susceptibility to deepfakes in machines and humans.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2026Article
- The continued influence of AI-generated deepfake videos despite transparency warnings.Communications psychology · 2026Article
- Avatars versus the people: Photo-realism, spontaneous detection and trait inferences of digitised faces.Perception · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Physician Avatars for Patient Education: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Experiences with AI-Generated Pornography: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Reddit Posts.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Labeling AI-generated media online.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- False failures, real distrust: the impact of an infrastructure failure deepfake on government trust.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Human intelligence can safeguard against artificial intelligence: individual differences in the discernment of human from AI texts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Possible Health Benefits and Risks of DeepFake Videos: A Qualitative Study in Nursing Students.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Can deepfakes be used to study emotion perception? A comparison of dynamic face stimuli.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Human detection of political speech deepfakes across transcripts, audio, and video.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A systematic review of AI literacy scales.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Article
- Can human intelligence safeguard against artificial intelligence? Exploring individual differences in the discernment of human from AI texts.Research square · 2024Article
- The public mental representations of deepfake technology: An in-depth qualitative exploration through Quora text data analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hyper-realistic manipulations of audio-visual content, i.e., deepfakes, present new challenges for establishing the veracity of online content. Research on the human impact of deepfakes remains sparse. In a pre-registered behavioral experiment (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.