ReviewJournal of inflammation research2021
The Immunomodulatory Functions of Butyrate.
Review in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gut microbiota-modulating interventions in paediatric type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiota and ALS: cause, consequence or correlation? - a systematic review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Gut microbiome changes due to sleep disruption in older and younger individuals: a case for sarcopenia?Sleep · 2022Pooled it
- Taxonomic and functional shifts in the microbiome of severely obese, prediabetic patients: Ketogenic diet versus energy-matched standard diet.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Del immune V and microbiome restructuring in colorectal cancer surgery: a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Trial
- The anti-inflammatory effects of three different dietary supplement interventions.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Exploring the Fecal Metabolome in Infants With Cow's Milk Allergy: The Distinct Impacts of Cow's Milk Protein Tolerance Acquisition and of Synbiotic Supplementation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Gut microbiota correlates with antitumor activity in patients with mCRC and NSCLC treated with cetuximab plus avelumab.International journal of cancer · 2022Trial
- Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 as a central integrator of immune-microbiota crosstalk in colitis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic switch: lymphocytes and the onset of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Sex and stress paradigm influence behavioural, neuroimmune, and microbiome responses in pubertal CD-1 mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Short-chain fatty acids act as metabolic and epigenetic regulators in CAR T cell therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Prenatal THC Exposure Differentially Alters Gut Physiology and Microbiota in Stress-Resilient and Vulnerable Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation and gut microbiota: Connection to health and disease development.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Exercise Training Transiently Increases Gut Microbiota Diversity and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in a Diet-Dependent Manner in Healthy Adults.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut Microbiota-Targeted Nutrition for Healthy Aging: Mechanistic Roles of Polyphenols and Dietary Fiber in Geroscience.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Effects of Dietary Butyrate Supplementation on Digestive Physiology, Feed Utilization, and Growth Performance in Crustaceans: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Effect of chemically protected sodium butyrate on growth performance, serum indicators, rumen fermentation parameters, and microbiota of Gangba sheep.Animal bioscience · 2026Article
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) system contains many different types of immune cells, making it a key immune organ system in the human body. In the last decade, our knowledge has substantially expanded regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome and its complex interaction with the gut immune system. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and specifically butyrate, play an important role in mediating the effects of the gut microbiome on local and systemic immunity. Gut microbial alterations and depletion of luminal butyrate have been well documented in the literature for a number of systemic and GI inflammatory disorders. Although a substantial knowledge gap exists requiring the need for further investigations to determine cause and effect, there is heightened interest in developing immunomodulatory therapies by means of reprogramming of gut microbiome or by supplementing its beneficial metabolites, such as butyrate. In the current review, we discuss the role of endogenous butyrate in the inflammatory response and maintaining immune homeostasis within the intestine. We also present the experimental models and human studies which explore therapeutic potential of butyrate supplementation in inflammatory conditions associated with butyrate depletion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.