ArticleNature microbiology2021
Prophage integration into CRISPR loci enables evasion of antiviral immunity in Streptococcus pyogenes.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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31 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phage-ICE tandems facilitate bacterial adaptation and antimicrobial resistance spread.Science advances · 2026Article
- Revisiting the life cycle of temperate phages.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Research on Prophages in Aquaculture from the Perspective of Paradigm Borrowing: Advances in Pathogen Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Environmental Regulation.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- From hijackers to architects: the role of prophages in bacterial genome evolution.Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Isolation and characterization of two novel phages with lytic activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains: potential for phage therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The prototypic crAssphage is a linear phage-plasmid.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- TIGR-Tas: A family of modular RNA-guided DNA-targeting systems in prokaryotes and their viruses.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Bacteria exploit viral dormancy to establish CRISPR-Cas immunity.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- A family of Tn7-like transposons evolved to target CRISPR repeats.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- The intricate pathogenicity of Group AVirulence · 2024Review
- Diverse viral cas genes antagonize CRISPR immunity.Nature · 2024Article
- Inhibitors of bacterial immune systems: discovery, mechanisms and applications.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- Anti-CRISPR proteins trigger a burst of CRISPR-Cas9 expression that enhances phage defense.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Defense and anti-defense mechanisms of bacteria and bacteriophages.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Article
- Arbitrium communication controls phage lysogeny through non-lethal modulation of a host toxin-antitoxin defence system.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Advances in application of CRISPR-Cas13a system.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Rapid characterization of anti-CRISPR proteins and optogenetically engineered variants using a versatile plasmid interference system.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Article
- Characterization and genomic analysis of a novel lytic phage vB_PstM_ZRG1 infecting Stutzerimonas stutzeri, representing a new viral genus, Elithevirus.Virus research · 2023Article
- An Endogenous Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas System Limits Phage Proliferation and Is Efficiently Excised from the Genome as Part of the SCCMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
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9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CRISPR loci are composed of short DNA repeats separated by sequences, known as spacers, that match the genomes of invaders such as phages and plasmids. Spacers are transcribed and processed to generate RNA guides used by CRISPR-associated nucleases to recognize and destroy the complementary nucleic acids of invaders. To counteract this defence, phages can produce small proteins that inhibit these nucleases, termed anti-CRISPRs (Acrs). Here we demonstrate that the ΦAP1.1 temperate phage utilizes an alternative approach to antagonize the type II-A CRISPR response in Streptococcus pyogenes. Immediately after infection, this phage expresses a small anti-CRISPR protein, AcrIIA23, that prevents Cas9 function, allowing ΦAP1.1 to integrate into the direct repeats of the CRISPR locus, neutralizing immunity. However, acrIIA23 is not transcribed during lysogeny and phage integration/excision cycles can result in the deletion and/or transduction of spacers, enabling a complex modulation of the type II-A CRISPR immune response. A bioinformatic search identified prophages integrated not only in the CRISPR repeats, but also the cas genes, of diverse bacterial species, suggesting that prophage disruption of the CRISPR-cas locus is a recurrent mechanism to counteract immunity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.