Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34819157›Full record

ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2021

Cross-national comparisons of health indicators require standardized definitions and common data sources.

Hanna Tolonen, Jaakko Reinikainen, Päivikki Koponen, Hanna Elonheimo, Luigi Palmieri, Mariken J Tijhuis, Joint Action on Health Information (InfAct)

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Challenges and Limitations in Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. EuroQol data for assessment of population health needs and instrument evaluation (EQ-DAPHNIE): a study for enhancing population health assessment.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Hanna TolonenDepartment of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland. hanna.tolonen@thl.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-4303
Jaakko ReinikainenDepartment of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Päivikki KoponenDepartment of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Hanna ElonheimoDepartment of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland.
Luigi PalmieriDepartment of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Ageing, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Roma, Italy.
Mariken J TijhuisNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Joint Action on Health Information (InfAct)
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIIstituto Superiore di Sanità · ITNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment · NL

Funding

Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency 801553 InfAct
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth indicators are used to monitor the health status and determinants of health of the population and population sub-groups, identify existing or emerging health problems which would require prevention and health promotion activities, help to target health care resources in the most adequate way as well as for evaluation of the success of public health actions both at the national and international level. The quality and validity of the health indicator depends both on available data and used indicator definition. In this study we will evaluate existing knowledge about comparability of different data sources for definition of health indicators, compare how selected health indicators presented in different international databases possibly differ, and finally, present the results from a case study from Finland on comparability of health indicators derived from different data sources at national level.

methodsFor comparisons, four health indicators were selected that were commonly available in international databases and available for the Finnish case study. These were prevalence of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and asthma in the adult populations. Our evaluation has three parts: 1) a scoping review of the latest literature, 2) comparison of the prevalences presented in different international databases, and 3) a case study using data from Finland.

resultsLiterature shows that comparability of estimated outcomes for health indicators using different data sources such as self-reported questionnaire data from surveys, measured data from surveys or data from administrative health registers, varies between indicators. Also, the case study from Finland showed that diseases which require regular health care visits such as diabetes, comparability is high while for health outcomes which can remain asymptomatic for a long time such as hypertension, comparability is lower. In different international health related databases, country specific results differ due to variations in the used data sources but also due to differences in indicator definitions.

conclusionsReliable comparison of the health indicators over time and between regions within a country or across the countries requires common indicator definitions, similar data sources and standardized data collection methods.

Indexed as

AsthmaComparabilityDiabetesHealth informationHypertensionIndicatorObesityStandardization

Identifiers

PMID34819157
PMCPMC8614034
OpenAlexW3216916029

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.