Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34819142›Full record

ArticleMilitary Medical Research2021

Global, regional, and national burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers and their attributable risk factors, 1990-2019.

Hao Zi, Shao-Hua He, Xie-Yuan Leng, Xiao-Feng Xu, Qiao Huang, Hong Weng, Cong Zhu, Lu-Yao Li, Jia-Min Gu, Xu-Hui Li and 6 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Military Medical Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
139citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
24.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

139 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Population Dynamic Projections of Near Vision Loss and Refractive Disorders in China and the G20 From 1990 to 2038.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
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79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Hao Zi *Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Shao-Hua He *Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Xie-Yuan LengCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Xiao-Feng XuDepartment of Urology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712000, China.
Qiao HuangCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Hong WengDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Cong ZhuDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Lu-Yao LiCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Jia-Min GuDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Xu-Hui LiCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Dao-Jing MingCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
Xiao-Dong LiInstitutes of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
Shuai YuanCenter for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. yuanshuai021@whu.edu.cn.
Xing-Huan WangDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. wangxinghuan1965@163.com.
Da-Lin HeDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. hedl@xjtu.edu.cn.
Xian-Tao ZengDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China. zengxiantao1128@whu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-1262-725X
Wuhan University · CNHenan University · CNFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University · CNAnhui Medical University · CNHuaihua University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the global and regional burden of, and attributable risk factors for genitourinary cancers during the past 30 years.

methodsWe extracted data of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess the changes in age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR). The associations between cancers burden and socio-demographic index (SDI) were also analyzed.

resultsCompared with 1990, the global incident cases in 2019 were higher by 154.78%, 123.34%, and 169.11% for kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers, respectively. During the 30-year study period, there was a downward trend in ASMR and ASDR for bladder cancer (EAPC = - 0.68 and - 0.83, respectively) and prostate cancer (EAPC = - 0.75 and - 0.71, respectively), but an upward trend for kidney cancer (EAPC = 0.35 and 0.12, respectively). Regions and countries with higher SDI had higher incidence, mortality, and DALYs for all three types of cancers. The burden of bladder and prostate cancers was mainly distributed among older men, whereas the burden of kidney cancer increased among middle-aged men. Smoking related mortality and DALYs decreased, but high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) related mortality and DALYs increased among kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers during the study period.

conclusionsKidney, bladder, and prostate cancers remain major global public health challenges, but with distinct trend for different disease entity across different regions and socioeconomic status. More proactive intervention strategies, at both the administrative and academic levels, based on the dynamic changes, are needed.

Indexed as

Prostatic NeoplasmsUrinary BladderAgedGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansKidneyMaleMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk FactorsBladder cancerDisability-adjusted life-yearsGenitourinary cancerGlobal Burden of DiseaseIncidenceKidney cancerMortalityProstate cancer

Identifiers

PMID34819142
PMCPMC8611255
OpenAlexW3163420166

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.