Trial reportBMC public health2021
Impacts of two-year multisectoral cash plus programs on young adolescent girls' education, health and economic outcomes: Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya (AGI-K) randomized trial.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of microfinance interventions and violence against women: results from low- and middle-income contexts.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- What works in 21st century skills education in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of cash plus or bundled interventions targeting adolescents in Africa to reduce HIV risk.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- "Money is everything. If you don't have cash, no one will come to you:" investigating the relationship between socioeconomic status and HIV risk among adolescents and young adults in Kisumu, Kenya.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Estimating the human development impacts and economic returns from an adolescent cash 'plus' programme in Kenya: An economic modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Transactional sex and intersecting vulnerabilities: a multicountry cross-sectional study of pregnant and parenting adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Menstruation and period poverty as an obstacle for girls' equal participation in education, Tanzania.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Accelerators for improved health among adolescent mothers in South Africa: HIV and violence prevention, sexual reproductive health and education success.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Post-intervention gendered impacts and moderating factors of a government cash plus intervention for adolescents in Tanzania.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- What combination of interventions can optimise HIV prevention for adolescent girls and young women? Cohort analysis of DREAMS participation in urban and rural Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress and associated risk factors among out-of-school girls in western Kenya.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of layered behavioral, socio-economic and school-based interventions on selected behavioral and biomarker indicators among adolescent girls and young women in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Long-term impacts of a cash plus program on marriage, fertility, and education after six years in pastoralist Kenya: A cluster randomized trial.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Blesser relationships among orphaned adolescent girls in contexts of poverty and gender inequality in South African townships.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Effects of a single cash transfer on school re-enrollment during COVID-19 among vulnerable adolescent girls in Kenya: Randomized controlled trial.Economics of education review · 2023Article
- Experiences of conditional and unconditional cash transfers intended for improving health outcomes and health service use: a qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Structural Interventions to Enable Adolescent Contraceptive Use in LMICs: A Mid-Range Theory to Support Intervention Development and Evaluation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Strengthening adolescent agency for optimal health outcomes.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEarly adolescence is a critical window for intervention when it is possible to lay a foundation for a safe transition to adulthood, before negative outcomes occur. The Adolescent Girls Initiative-Kenya randomized trial tested the effects of combinations of interventions for young adolescent girls in two sites - the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi and rural Wajir County in the Northeastern region.
methodsThe interventions included community dialogues on the role and value of girls (violence prevention), a conditional cash transfer (education), weekly group meetings for girls with health and life skills training (health), and training and incentives for financial literacy and savings activities (wealth creation). Participants were randomized to one of four study arms: 1) violence prevention only, 2) violence prevention and education, 3) violence prevention, education and health or 4) violence prevention, education, health and wealth creation. An intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis was conducted using longitudinal data to estimate the impact of each combination of interventions and various sensitivity analyses conducted addressing potential attrition bias and multiple hypothesis testing concerns.
resultsIn Kibera, the education conditional cash transfer had small effects on grade attainment but larger impacts on completion of primary school and the transition to secondary school in the most comprehensive arm; the health intervention improved sexual and reproductive health knowledge and condom self-efficacy; and the wealth intervention improved financial literacy and savings behavior. In Wajir, the education conditional cash transfer increased school enrollment and grade attainment, and the wealth intervention improved savings behavior.
conclusionsThe results indicate that when trying to improve a range of outcomes related to adolescent wellbeing for young girls, a multisectoral intervention with components addressing household economic constraints is a promising approach.
trial registrationTrial Registry: ISRCTN, ISRCTN77455458 . Registered 24/12/2015 - Retrospectively registered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.