ArticleBrain stimulation
Multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for electronically targeted brain stimulation.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Pulse waveform and current direction alter network-level TMS-induced functional connectivity: Evidence from TMS-EEG.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Roadmap towards personalized approaches and safety considerations in non-ionizing radiation: from dosimetry to therapeutic and diagnostic applications.Physics in medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Neuromodulation of Working Memory: Mechanisms, Targets, and Behavioral Outcomes.Neuroscience insights · 2026Review
- Optimizing and assessing multichannel TMS focality.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- On the Relation Between the Interstimulus Intervals and Multi-Muscle nTMS Motor Mapping.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Design, construction, and deployment of a multi-locus transcranial magnetic stimulation system for clinical use.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Identification of Cortical Targets for Modulating Function Supported by the Human Hippocampal Network.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Real-Time Tractography-Assisted Neuronavigation for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Multi-coil TMS for preclinical applications in ultra-high-field MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Optimization of TMS target engagement: current state and future perspectives.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Design and Validation of Miniaturized Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Head Coils.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Focused Epicranial Brain Stimulation by Spatial Sculpting of Pulsed Electric Fields Using High Density Electrode Arrays.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurological disorders. Updated report of an IFCN committee.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Review
- MarLe: Markerless estimation of head pose for navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2023Article
- Revisiting the focality of non-invasive brain stimulation - Implications for studies of human cognition.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- DELMEP: a deep learning algorithm for automated annotation of motor evoked potential latencies.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- TMS-Induced Modulation of EEG Functional Connectivity Is Affected by the E-Field Orientation.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- The complex landscape of TMS devices: A brief overview.PloS one · 2023Article
- Shaping and Focusing Magnetic Field in the Human Body: State-of-the Art and Promising Technologies.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows non-invasive stimulation of the cortex. In multi-locus TMS (mTMS), the stimulating electric field (E-field) is controlled electronically without coil movement by adjusting currents in the coils of a transducer.
objectiveTo develop an mTMS system that allows adjusting the location and orientation of the E-field maximum within a cortical region.
methodsWe designed and manufactured a planar 5-coil mTMS transducer to allow controlling the maximum of the induced E-field within a cortical region approximately 30 mm in diameter. We developed electronics with a design consisting of independently controlled H-bridge circuits to drive up to six TMS coils. To control the hardware, we programmed software that runs on a field-programmable gate array and a computer. To induce the desired E-field in the cortex, we developed an optimization method to calculate the currents needed in the coils. We characterized the mTMS system and conducted a proof-of-concept motor-mapping experiment on a healthy volunteer. In the motor mapping, we kept the transducer placement fixed while electronically shifting the E-field maximum on the precentral gyrus and measuring electromyography from the contralateral hand.
resultsThe transducer consists of an oval coil, two figure-of-eight coils, and two four-leaf-clover coils stacked on top of each other. The technical characterization indicated that the mTMS system performs as designed. The measured motor evoked potential amplitudes varied consistently as a function of the location of the E-field maximum.
conclusionThe developed mTMS system enables electronically targeted brain stimulation within a cortical region.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.