SynthesisPloS one2021
Early psychological interventions for prevention and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-partum women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and other active interventions from the NICE guideline for post-traumatic stress disorder with sleep disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and correlates of postpartum PTSD following emergency cesarean sections: implications for perinatal mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Preventing posttraumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Pooled it
- Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment in the medical setting: a systematic review.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Midwifery-led brief counseling on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms of postpartum hemorrhage: quasi-experimental study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Trial
- Single-session visuospatial task procedure to prevent childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Late fetal demise, a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment for birth trauma: a scoping review.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Access and barriers to treatment and counseling for postpartum women with and without symptoms of (CB-)PTSD within the cross-sectional study INVITE.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- A concept analysis of the term midwifery intervention: A scoping review.European journal of midwifery · 2026Review
- Traumatic Psychedelic Experiences.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR) Treatment for Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) from Grief: A Case Report.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The current status of psychological birth trauma in women who had a vaginal delivery and associated factors: a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A nomogram for predicting postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: a prospective cohort study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Psychological interventions to pregnancy-related complications in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: a scoping review.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prevalence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Preterm Birth and Maternal Mood States: What Is the Impact on Bonding?Pediatric reports · 2024Article
- Risk factors for postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder after emergency admission.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Childbirth as a traumatic event for attendant fathers.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- [Traumatic childbirth and trauma-sensitive obstetric support].Der Nervenarzt · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPre-term or full-term childbirth can be experienced as physically or psychologically traumatic. Cumulative and trans-generational effects of traumatic stress on both psychological and physical health indicate the ethical requirement to investigate appropriate preventative treatment for stress symptoms in women following a routine traumatic experience such as childbirth.
objectiveThe objective of this review was to investigate the effectiveness of early psychological interventions in reducing or preventing post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-partum women within twelve weeks of a traumatic birth.
methodsRandomised controlled trials and pilot studies of psychological interventions preventing or reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms or PTSD, that included women who had experienced a traumatic birth, were identified in a search of Cochrane Central Register of Randomised Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Psychinfo, PILOTS, CINAHL and Proquest Dissertations databases. One author performed database searches, verified results with a subject librarian, extracted study details and data. Five authors appraised extracted data and agreed upon risk of bias. Analysis was completed with Rev Man 5 software and quality of findings were rated according to Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.
resultsEleven studies were identified that evaluated the effectiveness of a range of early psychological interventions. There was firm evidence to suggest that midwifery or clinician led early psychological interventions administered within 72 hours following traumatic childbirth are more effective than usual care in reducing traumatic stress symptoms in women at 4-6 weeks. Further studies of high methodological quality that include longer follow up of 6-12 months are required in order to substantiate the evidence of the effectiveness of specific face to face and online early psychological intervention modalities in preventing the effects of stress symptoms and PTSD in women following a traumatic birth before introduction to routine care and practice. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020202576, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=202576.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.