ArticleThe Journal of general virology2021
Antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 proteins N, S and E in COVID-19 patients in the normal population and in historical samples.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Observational
- Assessing COVID-19 seroprevalence and vaccine uptake among women of reproductive-age in Zanzibar's archipelago.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Exposed and/or Vaccinated Individuals Target Conserved Epitopes from Multiple CoV-2 Antigens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Imaging Diffractometric Biosensors for Label-Free, Multi-Molecular Interaction Analysis.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensor for Direct Detection of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough cases in vaccinated children and adolescents.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- VLP-ELISA for the Detection of IgG Antibodies against Spike, Envelope, and Membrane Antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in Indian Population.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms.Vaccines · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: Clues and Proof of Adverse Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Observational
- The COVID-19 wave was already here: High seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among staff and students in a Cameroon University.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Review
- Cross-Reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid-Binding Antibodies and Its Implication for COVID-19 Serology Tests.Viruses · 2022Article
- Dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in individual patients and at the population level.PloS one · 2022Article
- What is the Hidden Biological Mechanism Underlying the Possible SARS-CoV-2 Vertical Transmission? A Mini Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally; recognition of immune responses to this virus will be crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control, prevention and treatment. We comprehensively analysed IgG and IgA antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N), spike protein domain 1 (S1) and envelope protein (E) in: SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, healthy, historical and pre-epidemic samples, including patients' medical, epidemiological and diagnostic data, virus-neutralizing capability and kinetics. N-specific IgG and IgA are the most reliable diagnostic targets for infection. Serum IgG levels correlate to IgA levels. Half a year after infection, anti-N and anti-S1 IgG decreased, but sera preserved virus-inhibitory potency; thus, testing for IgG may underestimate the protective potential of antibodies. Historical and pre-epidemic sera did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2, thus its circulation before the pandemic and a protective role from antibodies pre-induced by other coronaviruses cannot be confirmed by this study.
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Registered trials
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