ArticleContemporary clinical trials communications2021
Protocol for the DeFOG trial: A randomized controlled trial on the effects of smartphone-based, on-demand cueing for freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Digital Wearable Walking Aid for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson´s Disease
Assessing and Understanding Freezing of Gait At-home Environment: FOG@Home
Exploration of the Short-term Effects and User Satisfaction of the Ceriter Stride One (CSO) Regarding the Prevention and Treatment of Freezing or Gait in Persons With Parkinson's Disease (pwP).
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Real-world gait study of Parkinson's disease using wearable sensors: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Insights into Parkinson's Disease-Related Freezing of Gait Detection and Prediction Approaches: A Meta Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Beyond the Leaderboard: Evaluating the Robustness of Deep Learning Models for Detecting Freezing of Gait.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Article
- A personalised, gait training telerehabilitation programme for people with Parkinson's Disease: A long-term pilot study.Clinical rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Management of freezing of gait - mechanism-based practical recommendations.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- The effects of dopaminergic medication and task load on trembling and akinetic freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Evaluating gait and postural responses to subthalamic stimulation and levodopa: A prospective study using wearable technology.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Which Gait Tasks Produce Reliable Outcome Measures of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease?Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Investigating gait-responsive somatosensory cueing from a wearable device to improve walking in Parkinson's disease.Biomedical engineering online · 2023Article
- IoT-Enabled Gait Assessment: The Next Step for Habitual Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Multi-Modal Rehabilitation Therapy in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2023Article
- Daily-Living Freezing of Gait as Quantified Using Wearables in People With Parkinson Disease: Comparison With Self-Report and Provocation Tests.Physical therapy · 2022Article
- Aligning Patient's Ideas of a Good Life with Medically Indicated Therapies in Geriatric Rehabilitation Using Smart Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFreezing of gait (FOG) is a highly incapacitating symptom that affects many people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Cueing triggered upon real-time FOG detection (on-demand cueing) shows promise for FOG treatment. Yet, the feasibility of implementation and efficacy in daily life is still unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of DeFOG: a smartphone and sensor-based on-demand cueing solution for FOG.
methodsSixty-two PD patients with FOG will be recruited for this single-blind, multi-center, randomized controlled phase II trial. Patients will be randomized into either the intervention group or the active control group. For four weeks, both groups will receive feedback about their physical activity using the wearable DeFOG system in daily life. In addition, the intervention group will also receive on-demand auditory cueing and instructions. Before and after the intervention, home-based assessments will be performed to evaluate the primary outcome, i.e., "percentage time frozen" during a FOG-provoking protocol. Secondary outcomes include the training effects on physical activity monitored over 7 days and the user-friendliness of the technology. DISCUSSION: The DeFOG trial will investigate the effectiveness of personalized on-demand cueing in a controlled design, delivered for 4 weeks in the patient's home environment. We anticipate that DeFOG will reduce FOG to a greater degree than in the control group and we will explore the impact of the intervention on physical activity levels. We expect to gain in-depth insight into whether and how patients control FOG using cueing methods in their daily lives.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT03978507.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.