ReviewCureus2021
Carotid Artery Calcification: What We Know So Far.
Review in Cureus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of carotid artery calcifications detected on panoramic radiographs with systemic diseases in dental implant patients: a cross-sectional study in a Turkish population.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular events and mortality among patients and controls with calcified carotid artery atheromas on panoramic radiographs: a 10-year follow-up of the PAROKRANK study.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2026Article
- Associations of subclinical microcalcification and inflammation with carotid atheroma development: a dual-tracer PET/CT study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Observational
- Incidental Calcifications of Carotid and Vertebral Arteries: Frequency and Associations in Pediatric Population.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tianxiangdan suppresses foam cell formation by enhancing lipophagy and reduces the progression of atherosclerosis.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2025Article
- Extracranial carotid plaque calcification and its association with risk factors for cerebrovascular events: insights from the ANTIQUE study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Using machine learning to predict carotid artery symptoms from CT angiography: A radiomics and deep learning approach.European journal of radiology open · 2024Article
- Calcified cerebral emboli associated with calcified carotid plaque: a case report and morphological consideration for plaque calcification.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
- Opportunistic investigation of vascular calcification using 3-dimensional dental imaging.Imaging science in dentistry · 2024Article
- Carotid artery calcification detected on the panoramic radiographs.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2023Review
- Correlation Between Intracranial Calcification and Extracranial Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery.Cureus · 2023Article
- A retrospective diagnostic study of prevalence of orofacial calcifications using panoramic radiograph: To insinuate the unseen.Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry · 2023Article
- Article
- Advances in positron emission tomography tracers related to vascular calcification.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2022Review
- Vertebral Artery Stenosis: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2022Review
- Application and interpretation of vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging for intracranial atherosclerosis: a narrative review.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Review
- MFG-E8 promotes osteogenic transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells and vascular calcification by regulating TGF-β1 signaling.Communications biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carotid artery calcification (CAC) is a well-known marker of atherosclerosis and is linked to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. CAC is divided into two types: intimal and medial calcifications, each with its own set of risk factors. Vascular calcification is now understood to be an active, enzymatically regulated process involving dystrophic calcification and endothelial dysfunction at an early stage. This causes a pathogenic inflammatory response, resulting in calcium phosphate deposition in the form of microcalcifications, which causes plaque formation, ultimately becoming unstable with sequelae of complications. If the inflammation goes away, hydroxyapatite crystal formation takes over, resulting in macro-calcifications that help to keep the plaque stable. As CAC can be asymptomatic, it is critical to identify it early using diagnostic imaging. The carotid artery calcification score is calculated using computed tomography angiography (CTA), which is a confirmatory test that enables the examination of plaque composition and computation of the carotid artery calcification score. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), which is sensitive as CTA, duplex ultrasound (DUS), positron emission tomography, and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging with (18) F-Sodium Fluoride, and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) are some of the other diagnostic imaging modalities used. The current therapeutic method starts with the best medical care and is advised for all CAC patients. Carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting are two treatment options that have mixed results in terms of effectiveness and safety. When patient age and anatomy, operator expertise, and surgical risk are all considered, the agreement is that both techniques are equally beneficial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.