ReviewEuropean cardiology2021
Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Closing the Gap.
Review in European cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Coronary artery surgery outcome differences by sex.Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Review
- Plaque, Prodromes, and Personalized Care: A Case Report Reframing Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion in Females.Cureus · 2025Article
- Secondary Prevention After Acute Coronary Syndromes in Women: Tailored Management and Cardiac Rehabilitation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Exploring sex-based differences in patient outcomes: A secondary analysis of Heartwatch, an Irish cardiovascular secondary prevention programme.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Nonadherence to Secondary Stroke Prevention Medications Among Patients With First-Ever Ischemic Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Sex Disparities in In-Hospital Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and a History of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists Position Paper 'Gender discrepancy: time to implement gender-based clinical management'.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
- The Development of a Chest-Pain Protocol for Women Presenting to the Emergency Department.CJC open · 2024Review
- Heterogeneity by age and gender in the association of kidney function with mortality among patients with diabetes - analysis of diabetes registry in Singapore.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Multidisciplinary management of cardiovascular disease in women: Delphi consensus.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Sex X Time Interactions in Lp(a) and LDL-C Response to Evolocumab.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- STOPP/START version 3: even better with age.European geriatric medicine · 2023Article
- A Woman's Heart: Improving Uptake and Awareness of Cardiovascular Screening for Middle-Aged Populations.International journal of women's health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in women globally. Younger women (<55 years of age) who experience MI are less likely to receive guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT), have a greater likelihood of readmission and have higher rates of mortality than similarly aged men. Women have been under-represented in CVD clinical trials, which limits the generalisability of results into practice. Available evidence indicates that women derive a similar benefit as men from secondary prevention pharmacological therapies, such as statins, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, icosapent ethyl, antiplatelet therapy, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Women are less likely to be enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation programs than men. Mitigating risk and improving outcomes is dependent on proper identification of CVD in women, using appropriate GDMT and continuing to promote lifestyle modifications. Future research directed at advancing our understanding of CVD in women will allow us to further develop and tailor CVD guidelines appropriate by sex and to close the gap between diagnoses, treatment and mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.