Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34815573›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Molecular cell biology2022

Cellular origins of dsRNA, their recognition and consequences.

Y Grace Chen, Sun Hur

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 288 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
288citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
20.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

288 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 409 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. IVT-free, chemically synthesized protein-encoding RNA oligonucleotides for rapid production of personalized cancer vaccines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Y Grace ChenDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. ye.grace.chen@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3574-5734
Sun HurHarvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. sun.hur@crystal.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-5550
Boston Children's Hospital · USYale University · US

Funding

Resolving functional aggregates: A new perspective on innate immune controlDP1AI152074 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI HUR, SUN · 2019 to 2023
$6.2M
YALE CANCER CENTER CALABRESI IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAMK12CA215110 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Harriet M. Kluger · 2018 to 2026
$6.1M
Structural and functional analyses of the RIG-I filament in innate immunityR01AI111784 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI HUR, SUN · 2014 to 2023
$4.9M
Molecular mechanisms for antiviral signaling and regulation by MDA5 and TRIM65R01AI154653 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI HUR, SUN · 2020 to 2024
$2.2M
The Regulation of Circular RNA FunctionsR35GM142687 · NIGMS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI CHEN, YE GRACE · 2021 to 2025
$2.2M
NCI NIH HHS K12 CA215110NIAID NIH HHS DP1 AI152074NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI111784NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI154653NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM142687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is associated with most viral infections - it either constitutes the viral genome (in the case of dsRNA viruses) or is generated in host cells during viral replication. Hence, nearly all organisms have the capability of recognizing dsRNA and mounting a response, the primary aim of which is to mitigate the potential infection. In vertebrates, a set of innate immune receptors for dsRNA induce a multitude of cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic immune responses upon dsRNA recognition. Notably, recent studies showed that vertebrate cells can accumulate self-derived dsRNAs or dsRNA-like species upon dysregulation of several cellular processes, activating the very same immune pathways as in infected cells. On the one hand, such aberrant immune activation in the absence of infection can lead to pathogenesis of immune disorders, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. On the other hand, the same innate immune reaction can be induced in a controlled setting for a therapeutic benefit, as occurs in immunotherapies. In this Review, we describe mechanisms by which immunostimulatory dsRNAs are generated in mammalian cells, either by viruses or by the host cells, and how cells respond to them, with the focus on recent developments regarding the role of cellular dsRNAs in immune modulation.

Indexed as

Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous SystemNervous System MalformationsVirus DiseasesAnimalsImmunity, InnateMammalsRNA, Double-StrandedVirus ReplicationRNA, Double-Stranded

Identifiers

PMID34815573
PMCPMC8969093
OpenAlexW3214913540

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.