Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34815522›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2022

Barriers to optimal breast milk provision in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Meera N Sankar, Ya'el Weiner, Neha Chopra, Peiyi Kan, Zakiyah Williams, Henry C Lee

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Timing and intensity of lactation support influences NICU discharge on maternal milk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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  5. Drug exposures in donor milk: protecting our most vulnerable infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Meera N SankarDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. Mnsankar@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7012-0222
Ya'el WeinerDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Neha ChopraDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Peiyi KanDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Zakiyah WilliamsLactation services, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA.
Henry C LeeDivision of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8383-1720
Stanford University · USLucile Packard Children's Hospital · USStanford Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study examines comprehensive patient and process factors that influence breast milk use in the NICU setting. STUDY

designWe examined the association of maternal, neonatal, and family factors and lactation support systems to identify gaps in breast milk use in a retrospective study of 865 infants born in 23-41 weeks gestation admitted to the NICU.

resultsBreast milk at discharge for all infants was 89.3%, for extremely preterm 82.3%, moderately preterm 91.4%, late preterm 86.5%, and term 92.7%. Prematurity (OR 0.31 [0.17-0.56]), low birth weight, morbidities, Black maternal race (OR 0.20 [0.07-0.57]) and public insurance (OR 0.54 [0.34-0.85]) were associated with decreased breast milk use. Early initiation of feeds was associated with increased breast milk use.

conclusionsThere is a need to increase social as well as hospital support systems to address gaps in breast milk use in the NICU.

Indexed as

Intensive Care Units, NeonatalMilk, HumanBreast FeedingFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, Very Low Birth WeightLactationRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID34815522
PMCPMC8610106
OpenAlexW3214882728

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.