ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Pregnancy and weaning regulate human maternal liver size and function.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics of Monoclonal Antibodies Throughout Pregnancy: A Systematic Literature Review.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism in the liver.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Breast Cancer Liver Metastasis: Primary tumor predictors and histopathologic characteristics of metastatic lesions.Research square · 2026Article
- Complement Activation in Maternal and Placental Pathology of Preeclampsia.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- Spatial hepatology: Decoding liver zonation for metabolic and regenerative therapeutics (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Relationships Between Regional and Ectopic Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity in Early and Late Pregnancy.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Clinical and Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Observational
- Distinct macronutrient ratios optimize offspring survival, growth, and maternal glucose tolerance across mouse reproduction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Pregnancy After Bariatric Surgery: Hepatobiliary Implications, Maternal Outcomes, and Clinical Considerations.Cureus · 2025Review
- Impact of Maternal Overweight and Obesity on Adipokines During Pregnancy and Lactation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gestation Regulates Growth Hormone and Its Receptor Expression in Sheep Immune Organs.Biology · 2025Article
- Reproductive state controls transcription in the murine liver, with implications for breast cancer liver metastasis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Effects of Pregnancy on Liver and Kidney Cyst Growth Rates in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of altered hepatic drug disposition during pregnancy: small molecules.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- Non-Viral RNA Delivery During Pregnancy: Opportunities and Challenges.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2024Review
- Adipose tissue-liver cross-talk: a route to hepatic dysfunction in pregnant women with obesity.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Antioxidant Response of Maternal and Fetal Rat Liver to Selenium Nanoparticle Supplementation Compared to Sodium Selenite: Sex Differences between Fetuses.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Altered liver metabolism post-wean abolishes efficacy of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention in a mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Investigating gastrointestinal disorders in pregnancy.Obstetric medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
During pregnancy, the rodent liver undergoes hepatocyte proliferation and increases in size, followed by weaning-induced involution via hepatocyte cell death and stromal remodeling, creating a prometastatic niche. These data suggest a mechanism for increased liver metastasis in breast cancer patients with recent childbirth. It is unknown whether the human liver changes in size and function during pregnancy and weaning. In this study, abdominal imaging was obtained in healthy women at early and late pregnancy and postwean. During pregnancy time points, glucose production and utilization and circulating bile acids were measured. Independently of weight gain, most women's livers increased in size with pregnancy, then returned to baseline postwean. Putative roles for bile acids in liver growth and regression were observed. Together, the data support the hypothesis that the human liver is regulated by reproductive state with growth during pregnancy and volume loss postwean. These findings have implications for sex-specific liver diseases and for breast cancer outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.