ReviewPatient education and counseling2022
Re-examining phone counseling for smoking cessation: Does the evidence apply to low-SES smokers?
Review in Patient education and counseling, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Contextual factors in systematic reviews: understanding public health interventions in low socioeconomic status and disadvantaged populations.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Improving behavioural interventions in healthcare to address the needs of disadvantaged groups: A policy-focused evidence brief.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of tobacco-attributable stroke (1990-2021) with projections to 2030: Systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Detecting imminent smoking lapse risk: Prospective lapse risk algorithm versus participant retrospective self-report.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- A Safety Net Tobacco Use Cessation Resource: Quitline Service Usage, 2019.Preventing chronic disease · 2023Article
- Helping low-income smokers quit: findings from a randomized controlled trial comparing specialized quitline services with and without social needs navigation.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- Stress, depression, sleep problems and unmet social needs: Baseline characteristics of low-income smokers in a randomized cessation trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionA 2019 Cochrane review concluded telephone counseling is an effective intervention for smoking cessation. However, the review did not assess the role of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators on the effectiveness of telephone counseling.
methodsWe reviewed 65 U.S. studies from the Cochrane review. We abstracted data on education, income, employment status and insurance status, and examined associations with targeted recruitment, intervention uptake, attrition, and cessation outcomes.
resultsExcept for education, SES indicators were seldom reported or used in analysis: 61 studies reported education, 24 reported insurance status, 23 reported employment status, and 17 reported income. Nine studies exclusively recruited low-SES samples. Thirteen studies examined associations between SES and smoking cessation. Among these, two reported lower education predicted greater cessation and two reported higher education predicted greater cessation. Other studies found higher income (n = 2) or employment type (n = 1) predicted cessation.
conclusionsEvidence supporting telephone counseling for cessation is less clear when applied to low-SES smokers. Future research should directly assess intervention effectiveness in this priority population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Given the evidence, it may be hard to justify future studies not focusing on low-SES populations. Innovative counseling solutions from providers helping low-income smokers quit should be evaluated to inform best practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.