Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34814998›Full record

ArticleApplied nursing research : ANR2021

Factors associated with nurses emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patricia Da Rosa, Robin Brown, Brandi Pravecek, Christin Carotta, Aileen S Garcia, Paula Carson, Dannica Callies, Matthew Vukovich

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Applied nursing research : ANR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
6.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Development and Validation of the Intimate Partner Violence Workplace Disruptions Assessment (IPV-WDA).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  16. Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Health Professionals in the COVID-19 Context.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Patricia Da RosaOffice of Nursing Research, College of Nursing, South Dakota State University, USA. Electronic address: Patricia.darosa@sdstate.edu.
Robin BrownCollege of Nursing, South Dakota State University, USA.
Brandi PravecekCollege of Nursing, South Dakota State University, USA.
Christin CarottaDepartment of Counseling and Human Development, South Dakota State University, USA.
Aileen S GarciaDepartment of Counseling and Human Development, South Dakota State University, USA.
Paula CarsonCollege of Nursing, South Dakota State University, USA.
Dannica CalliesCollege of Nursing, South Dakota State University, USA.
Matthew VukovichEducation & Human Sciences, South Dakota State University, USA.
South Dakota State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNurses are among the frontline healthcare workers directly impacted by the burden of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of emotional distress and the associated factors among nurses practicing in South Dakota during the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsAn online survey was conducted among practicing, licensed nurses in South Dakota during the pandemic (July 2020 - August 2020). Emotional distress was measured using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association of emotional distress and the three DASS-21 subscales with: sociodemographic and work environment factors (e.g., work setting, job satisfaction, number of COVID-19 cases seen at the facility, preparedness, concerns with worsening pre-exiting mental health conditions due to the pandemic, and contracting the illness).

resultsAmong 1505 participants, overall emotional distress was reported by 22.2%, while anxiety, depression and stress were 15.8%, 14.5% and 11.9%, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to severe emotional distress, depression, anxiety, and stress were as follows: concerns for worsening of pre-existing mental health conditions, job dissatisfaction, encountering higher number of COVID-19 cases at one's work facility, feeling unprepared for the pandemic, and concern for contracting the illness (all p < 0.05).

conclusionsOur study suggests a high prevalence of emotional distress among nurses and highlights the factors associated with emotional distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Promoting appropriate support is imperative to reduce nurses' emotional distress and promote psychological well-being during the COVID-19 world health crisis and in future pandemics.

Indexed as

COVID-19NursesPsychological DistressAnxietyDepressionHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2AnxietyCOVID-19DepressionJob stressNurses

Identifiers

PMID34814998
PMCPMC8463109
OpenAlexW3204605410

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.