ArticleBMC gastroenterology2021
The effect of menopausal hormone therapy on gastrointestinal cancer risk and mortality in South Korea: a population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- GSTP1 rs1695 Variant and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women Aged 50+: Insights from Iran's Largest Cohort and Meta-Analysis.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Menopausal Hormone Therapy with Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy of administrative claim data for gastric adenoma after endoscopic resection.Clinical endoscopy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is controversial, and no research has been conducted in the East. This study investigates the association between MHT and GI cancer risks in South Korea.
methodsA prescription-based cohort study was conducted using the NHIS Sample Cohort (2002-2013) of Korea. We used 1:5 propensity score matching, and 22,577 MHT users and 111,113 non-users were selected. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests were used. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Landmark analysis was used to determine dose-response relationship.
resultsThe median follow-up was 79.6 of months. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed less frequent GI cancer diagnoses in MHT users compared to non-users (0.13 vs. 0.16 per 100,000 person-years). Menopausal hormone therapy was associated with decreased incidence of GI cancer (HR = 0.809, 95%CI = 0.691-0.946) and colorectal cancer (CRC) (HR = 0.757, 95%CI = 0.577-0.995). Gastric cancer (GC) incidence showed marginal significance (HR = 0.787, 95%CI = 0.605-1.023). The mortality from GI cancer was lower in MHT users than in non-users (HR = 0.737, 95%CI = 0.547-0.993). The relationship between MHT and GI cancer was stronger with increasing MHT dose in terms of both incidence (P
conclusionsThe association between MHT use and reduced risks of GI cancers was attributed to CRC and GC and showed a dose-response relationship in a population-based cohort study.
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