ArticleJournal of primary care & community health
Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care.
Article in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in patients with cardiovascular diseases attending primary health care centers in Western Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Care Needs of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living in Poverty and Their Relationship With Other Biopsychosocial Variables: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Influence of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors on Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Saudi Arabia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Chronic disease patients during the armed conflict in Sudan: a cross-sectional study on mental health and quality of life.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Article
- Tocilizumab Reduces Depression Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Review
- The Association of Asthma with Anxiety, Depression, and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals in Saudi Arabia.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Effect of type of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on depression and anxiety of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Network Structure of Comorbidity Patterns in U.S. Adults with Depression: A National Study Based on Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Depression research and treatment · 2023Article
- Ethnicity affects the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction and should be considered in educational programs.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Network Analysis of Depressive Symptomatology in Underweight and Obese Adults.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPatients with chronic diseases can experience psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. However, the association between chronic diseases and these psychological conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression, and common chronic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and rheumatoid arthritis), and their association with social determinants at an outpatient primary care setting.
methodsThe validated hospital anxiety and depression scale was administered electronically to eligible participants. For each condition (anxiety and depression), participants were categorized as normal, borderline abnormal, and abnormal, according to their score out of 21 (≤7 = normal, 8-10 = borderline abnormal, ≥11 = abnormal). The scores and numbers of participants in each category were analyzed and compared with their demographic characteristics and chronic diseases for associations and relationships.
resultsWe recruited 271 participants (mean age of 51.65 + 11.71 years) attending primary care clinics. Of these patients, 17.7% and 8.9% had borderline abnormal and abnormal depression, respectively, and 10.3% and 8.9% of patients had borderline abnormal anxiety and abnormal anxiety. Common social determinants and lifestyle factors were examined. Age, gender, and sugary drinks' consumption significantly increased the odds of hypertension and type 2 diabetes; vigorous physical activity 3 times a week, decreased the odds of developing these chronic diseases. Adjusted regression models showed a statistically significant association between the hospital anxiety and depression scale score for borderline and abnormal anxiety and the presence of type 2 diabetes (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.13, 8.19],
conclusionAmong patients attending primary care outpatient clinics, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. Social determinants and lifestyle factors play a major role in the development of common chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Primary care physicians should consider the patients' psychological status, sociodemographic status, and lifestyle risks during the management of chronic diseases.
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