ArticleCurrent biology : CB2022
Neural reinstatement reveals divided organization of fear and extinction memories in the human brain.
Article in Current biology : CB, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- REM sleep reduction leads to fear overgeneralization via negatively modulating prefrontal theta oscillations.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Slow Oscillation-Sleep Spindle Coupling Is Associated With Expectancy Measures of Fear Extinction Retention in Trauma-Exposed Individuals.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Predicting individual differences of fear and cognitive learning and extinction.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Augmenting extinction with counterconditioning strengthens and sustains neural safety representations in PTSD.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Distinct representational properties of cues and contexts shape fear and reversal learning.eLife · 2026Article
- Emotional learning selectively distorts the temporal organization of memory: A quantitative synthesis.Cognition · 2026Article
- Neural Reinstatement of Encoding Context Mediates the Switch between Fear and Extinction Recall.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Safety-relevant experience reshapes neural codes for ambiguous threat in adolescents.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Representational dynamics during extinction of fear memories in the human brain.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- A brain-state-informed framework for simultaneous extinction of fear and functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition in rodents.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Encoding-Retrieval Similarity Reveals Distinct Neural Reinstatement of Safety Memories Following Counterconditioning in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Human hippocampal reactivation of amygdala encoding-related gamma patterns during aversive memory retrieval.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Event Segmentation Promotes the Reorganization of Emotional Memory.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Interoceptive and Bodily Processing in Prospective and Retrospective Timing.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Current State of the Neuroscience of Fear Extinction and Its Relevance to Anxiety Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Semantic structures facilitate threat memory integration throughout the medial temporal lobe and medial prefrontal cortex.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Distributed neural representations of conditioned threat in the human brain.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Decoding context memories for threat in large-scale neural networks.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Aerobic exercise in the treatment of PTSD: An examination of preclinical and clinical laboratory findings, potential mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2023Review
- Causally mapping human threat extinction relevant circuits with depolarizing brain stimulation methods.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurobiological research in rodents has revealed that competing experiences of fear and extinction are stored as distinct memory traces in the brain. This divided organization is adaptive for mitigating overgeneralization of fear to related stimuli that are learned to be safe while also maintaining threat associations for unsafe stimuli. The mechanisms involved in organizing these competing memories in the human brain remain unclear. Here, we used a hybrid form of Pavlovian conditioning with an episodic memory component to identify overlapping multivariate patterns of fMRI activity associated with the formation and retrieval of fear versus extinction. In healthy adults, distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus showed selective reactivation of fear versus extinction memories based on the temporal context in which these memories were encoded. This dissociation was absent in participants with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The divided neural organization of fear and extinction may support flexible retrieval of context-appropriate emotional memories, while their disorganization may promote overgeneralization and increased fear relapse in affective disorders.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.