Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34813617›Full record

Observational studyPloS one2021

Trends in non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) related community practice for the prevention of COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Damen Hailemariam, Abera Kumie, Samson Wakuma, Yifoker Tefera, Teferi Abegaz, Worku Tefera, Wondimu Ayele, Mulugeta Tamire, Shibabaw Yirsaw

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 36% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Damen HailemariamSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abera KumieSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.ORCID 0000-0002-6249-1322
Samson WakumaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yifoker TeferaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Teferi AbegazSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Worku TeferaSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Wondimu AyeleSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Mulugeta TamireSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Shibabaw YirsawSchool of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Addis Ababa University · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected Ethiopia since March 13, 2020, when the first case was detected in Addis Ababa. Since then, the incidence of cases has continued to increase day by day. As a result, the health sector has recommended universal preventive measures to be practiced by the public. However, studies on adherence to these preventive measures are limited.

objectiveTo monitor the status of preventive practices of the population related to hand washing, physical distancing, and respiratory hygiene practices at selected sites within the city of Addis Ababa.

methodsWeekly cross-sectional non-participatory observations were done during the period of April-June, 2020. Data was collected using the Open Data Kit (ODK) tool in ten public sites involving eight public facilities targeted for individual observations. Ten individuals were randomly observed at each facility over two days a week at peak hours of public services. WHO operational definitions of the preventive behaviors were adopted for this study. Observations were conducted anonymously at gates or entrances of public facilities and places.

resultsA total of 12,056 individual observations with 53% males and 82% in an estimated age range of 18-50 years age group were involved in this study. There was an increase in the practice of respiratory hygiene from 14% in week one to 77% in week 10, while those of hand hygiene and physical distancing changed little over the weeks from their baseline of 24% and 34%, respectively. Overall, respiratory hygiene demonstrated an increased rate of 6% per week, while hand hygiene and physical distancing had less than a 1% change per week, Females and the estimated age group of 18-50 years had practice changes in respiratory hygiene with no difference in hand hygiene and physical distancing practices. Respiratory hygiene took about six weeks to reach a level of 77% from its baseline of 24%, making an increment of about 9% per week.

conclusionThe public practice of respiratory hygiene improved threefold whereas hand hygiene and physical distancing revealed no change. Regularly sustained public mobilization and mass education are required to sustain the achievements gained in respiratory hygiene and further hand hygiene and physical distancing.

Indexed as

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticePhysical DistancingAdolescentAdultCommunicable Disease ControlCommunity Health ServicesCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaFemaleHand DisinfectionHand HygieneHumansMaleMiddle AgedPublic Facilities

Identifiers

PMID34813617
PMCPMC8610281
OpenAlexW3216791671

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.