ArticlePloS one2021
Detection of cross-reactive immunoglobulin A against the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 spike 1 subunit in saliva.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impaired mucosal IgA response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bacterial lysates in modifying sIgA levels in the upper respiratory tract in COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-reactive salivary antibody detection in South Carolina emergency healthcare workers, September 2019-March 2020.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Salivary IgA and vimentin differentiate in vitro SARS-CoV-2 infection: A study of 290 convalescent COVID-19 patients.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Mapping IgA Epitope and Cross-Reactivity between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus 2 and DENV.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Breastmilk from COVID-19 negative lactating mothers shows neutralizing activity against SARS-COV-2.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- SIgA in various pulmonary diseases.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- The Oral Cavity Potentially Serving as a Reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 but Not Necessarily Facilitating the Spread of COVID-19 in Dental Practice.European journal of dentistry · 2023Article
- Methodological approaches to optimize multiplex oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay performance and correlation with serologic and neutralizing antibody responses.Journal of immunological methods · 2023Article
- Point-of-Care Diagnostic Biosensors to Monitor Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing IgG/sIgA Antibodies and Antioxidant Activity in Saliva.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics.International journal of oral science · 2023Review
- Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary antibodies in vaccinated adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Progress in salivary glands: Endocrine glands with immune functions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Methodological approaches to optimize multiplex oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay performance and correlation with serologic and neutralizing antibody responses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence of saliva immunoglobulin A antibodies reactive with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among Japanese people unexposed to the virus.Microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Salivary, serological, and cellular immune response to the CoronaVac vaccine in health care workers with or without previous COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Ultrasensitive detection of salivary SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in individuals with natural and COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Oral Pathology in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Molecular Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Abundant secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the mucus, breast milk, and saliva provides immunity against infection of mucosal surfaces. Pre-pandemic breast milk samples containing SIgA have been reported to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2; however, it remains unknown whether SIgA showing the cross-reaction with SARS-CoV-2 exists in saliva. We aimed to clarify whether SIgA in saliva cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike 1 subunit in individuals who have not been infected with this virus. The study involved 137 (men, n = 101; women, n = 36; mean age, 38.7; age range, 24-65 years) dentists and doctors from Kanagawa Dental University Hospital. Saliva and blood samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatography for IgG and IgM, respectively. We then identified patients with saliva samples that were confirmed to be PCR-negative and IgM-negative for SARS-CoV-2. The cross-reactivity of IgA-positive saliva samples with SARS-CoV-2 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a biotin-labeled spike recombinant protein (S1-mFc) covering the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive IgA-positive individuals was 46.7%, which correlated negatively with age (r = -0.218, p = 0.01). The proportion of IgA-positive individuals aged ≥50 years was significantly lower than that of patients aged ≤49 years (p = 0.008). SIgA was purified from the saliva of patients, which could partially suppress the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor. This study demonstrates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive SIgA in the saliva of individuals who had never been infected with the virus, suggesting that SIgA may help prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
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