Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34812760›Full record

ArticleJournal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society2022

Development and Preliminary Validation of a Virtual Reality Approach for Measurement of Torsional Strabismus.

Megha Bindiganavale, David Buickians, Scott R Lambert, Zachary M Bodnar, Heather E Moss

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Megha BindiganavaleDepartment of Ophthalmology (MB, DB, SRL, HEM), Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Meadows Eye Physicians and Surgeons (ZMB), Henderson, Nevada; and Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (HEM), Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
David Buickians
Scott R Lambert
Zachary M Bodnar

Funding

Stanford Center for Clinical & Translational Education and Research (Spectrum)UL1TR003142 · NCATS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI O'HARA, RUTH M · 2019 to 2023
$45.0M
Stanford Vision Research CoreP30EY026877 · NEI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jeffrey L Goldberg · 2017 to 2026
$8.0M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003142NEI NIH HHS P30 EY026877
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDouble Maddox rod (DMR), the gold-standard method for in-office measurement of cyclodeviation, requires an examiner and specialized equipment. The objective of this study was to develop a virtual reality (VR) technique for measurement of cyclodeviation and validate this against the DMR.

methodsA VR-DMR was implemented using a smartphone and commercially available VR viewer. The app displayed a line to each eye and accepted touch inputs from the user to rotate the lines into perceived alignment. VR-DMR cyclodeviation measurements were compared with traditional DMR (T-DMR) cyclodeviation measurements in adults with and without strabismus and children without strabismus.

resultsThirty-one subjects were studied (age 5-88 years, 20 with strabismus). VR-DMR had similar test-retest reliability as T-DMR. VR-DMR was highly correlated with T-DMR (r2 = 0.94, linear regression slope 1.12) with a slight positive bias (linear regression y intercept 1°). VR-DMR was preferred by 54% of subjects with 29% having no preference.

conclusionsA VR method of ocular cyclodeviation measurement using sensory techniques was implemented using commercially available hardware. VR measurements compared favorably with gold-standard DMR measurements, and user feedback was positive. The VR methodology has application for in office and home use by nonexperts for purposes of strabismus monitoring.

Indexed as

StrabismusVirtual RealityAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolEyeHumansMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsSmartphoneYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID34812760
PMCPMC9064886

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.