ArticleIEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions2021
Blockchain-Based Forward Supply Chain and Waste Management for COVID-19 Medical Equipment and Supplies.
Article in IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Blockchain applications in health care for COVID-19 and beyond: a systematic review.The Lancet. Digital health · 2021Pooled it
- The implications of Industry 4.0 on supply chains amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- Sustainable Management of Medical Waste in Surgical Units: Operational Challenges and Policy Perspectives.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Agentic AI as a coordination paradigm in digital health and agri-food systems.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Blockchain Technology in Digital Health and Medical Technologies.Blockchain in healthcare today · 2025Article
- The impact of smart city construction (SCC) on pollution emissions (PE): evidence from China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- DecentralDC: Assessing data contribution under decentralized sharing and exchange blockchain.PloS one · 2024Article
- Generation, types and impacts of biomedical waste during COVID-19: Indian context.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2023Article
- Supply chain traceability and counterfeit detection of COVID-19 vaccines using novel blockchain-basedExpert systems with applications · 2023Article
- Blockchain and COVID-19 pandemic: applications and challenges.Cluster computing · 2023Review
- The IoT-enabled sustainable reverse supply chain for COVID-19 Pandemic Wastes (CPW).Engineering applications of artificial intelligence · 2023Article
- Scalable Lightweight Protocol for Interoperable Public Blockchain-Based Supply Chain Ownership Management.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Building the Bridge to a Participatory Citizenship: Curricular Integration of Communal Environmental Issues in School Projects Supported by the Internet of Things.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A bibliometric study on blockchain-based supply chain: a theme analysis, adopted methodologies, and future research agenda.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Review
- Waste management beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Bibliometric and text mining analyses.Gondwana research : international geoscience journal · 2023Article
- A Blockchain-Based Life-Cycle Environmental Management Framework for Hospitals in the COVID-19 Context.Engineering (Beijing, China) · 2023Article
- CovidBChain: Framework for access-control, authentication, and integrity of Covid-19 data.Concurrency and computation : practice & experience · 2022Article
- Blockchain-based solution for COVID-19 vaccine waste reduction.Journal of cleaner production · 2022Article
- Sustainable development-oriented location-transportation integrated optimization problem regarding multi-period multi-type disaster medical waste during COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of operations research · 2022Article
- Sensor-Based Solid Waste Handling Systems: A Survey.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The year 2020 has witnessed unprecedented levels of demand for COVID-19 medical equipment and supplies. However, most of today's systems, methods, and technologies leveraged for handling the forward supply chain of COVID-19 medical equipment and the waste that results from them after usage are inefficient. They fall short in providing traceability, reliability, operational transparency, security, and trust features. Also, they are centralized that can cause a single point of failure problem. In this paper, we propose a decentralized blockchain-based solution to automate forward supply chain processes for the COVID-19 medical equipment and enable information exchange among all the stakeholders involved in their waste management in a manner that is fully secure, transparent, traceable, and trustworthy. We integrate the Ethereum blockchain with decentralized storage of interplanetary file systems (IPFS) to securely fetch, store, and share the data related to the forward supply chain of COVID-19 medical equipment and their waste management. We develop algorithms to define interaction rules regarding COVID-19 waste handling and penalties to be imposed on the stakeholders in case of violations. We present system design along with its full implementation details. We evaluate the performance of the proposed solution using cost analysis to show its affordability. We present the security analysis to verify the reliability of the smart contracts, and discuss our solution from the generalization and applicability point of view. Furthermore, we outline the limitations of our solution in form of open challenges that can act as future research directions. We make our smart contracts code publicly available on GitHub.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.