Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34812382›Full record

ArticleIEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions2021

Blockchains for COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Vaccine Support: A Systematic Review.

Laura Ricci, Damiano Di Francesco Maesa, Alfredo Favenza, Enrico Ferro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. A Traceable Vaccine Supply Management System.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Internet of Things Based Contact Tracing Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Review
  14. Blockchain for COVID-19: a comprehensive review.Personal and ubiquitous computing · 2021
    Article
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Laura RicciDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Pisa 56126 Pisa Italy.
Damiano Di Francesco MaesaDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS U.K.
Alfredo FavenzaLINKS Foundation 10131 Turin Italy.
Enrico FerroLINKS Foundation 10131 Turin Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several blockchain projects to help against COVID-19 are emerging at a fast pace, showing the potential of this disruptive technology to mitigate the multi-systemic threats the pandemic is posing on all phases of the emergency management and generate value for the economy and society as a whole. This survey investigates how blockchain technology can be useful in the scope of supporting health actions that can reduce the spread of COVID-19 infections and allow a return to normality. Since the prominent use of blockchains to mitigate COVID-19 consequences are in the area of contact tracing and vaccine/immunity passport support, the survey mainly focuses on these two classes of applications. The aim of the survey is to show that only a proper combination of blockchain technology with advanced cryptographic techniques can guarantee a secure and privacy preserving support to fight COVID-19. In particular, this article first presents these techniques, i.e. zero-knowledge, Diffie Hellman, blind signatures, and proxy re-encryption, then describes how they are used in combination with blockchains to define robust and privacy-preserving solutions. Finally, a brief description of blockchain applications beyond contact tracing and vaccine certification is presented.

Indexed as

Blockchaincontact tracingCOVID-19cryptographydistributed ledgerssmart contractsvaccine

Identifiers

PMID34812382
PMCPMC8545218

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.