Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34812373›Full record

ArticleIEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions2020

Blockchain-Based Solution for COVID-19 Digital Medical Passports and Immunity Certificates.

Haya R Hasan, Khaled Salah, Raja Jayaraman, Junaid Arshad, Ibrar Yaqoob, Mohammed Omar, Samer Ellahham

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
27.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  13. COVID-19 Contact Tracing Using Blockchain.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2021
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Blockchains for COVID-19 Contact Tracing and Vaccine Support: A Systematic Review.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2021
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Blockchain technologies to mitigate COVID-19 challenges: A scoping review.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine update · 2021
    Article
  19. Reducing COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Applying Blockchain in Vaccination Rollout Management.IEEE open journal of engineering in medicine and biology · 2021
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Haya R HasanDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKhalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates.
Khaled SalahDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKhalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates.
Raja JayaramanDepartment of Industrial and Systems EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates.
Junaid ArshadSchool of Computing and Digital TechnologyBirmingham City University Birmingham B4 7XG U.K.
Ibrar YaqoobDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceKhalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates.
Mohammed OmarDepartment of Industrial and Systems EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates.
Samer EllahhamHeart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.
Khalifa University of Science and Technology · AEAbu Dhabi Health Services · AEBirmingham City University · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19 has emerged as a highly contagious disease which has caused a devastating impact across the world with a very large number of infections and deaths. Timely and accurate testing is paramount to an effective response to this pandemic as it helps identify infections and therefore mitigate (isolate/cure) them. In this paper, we investigate this challenge and contribute by presenting a blockchain-based solution that incorporates self-sovereign identity, re-encryption proxies, and decentralized storage, such as the interplanetary file systems (IPFS). Our solution implements digital medical passports (DMP) and immunity certificates for COVID-19 test-takers. We present smart contracts based on the Ethereum blockchain written and tested successfully to maintain a digital medical identity for test-takers that help in a prompt trusted response directly by the relevant medical authorities. We reduce the response time of the medical facilities, alleviate the spread of false information by using immutable trusted blockchain, and curb the spread of the disease through DMP. We present a detailed description of the system design, development, and evaluation (cost and security analysis) for the proposed solution. Since our code leverages the use of the on-chain events, the cost of our design is almost negligible. We have made our smart contract codes publicly available on Github.

Indexed as

blockchainCOVID-19digital medical passportsEthereumimmunity certificatessecuritysmart contractstraceabilitytracking

Identifiers

PMID34812373
PMCPMC8545253
OpenAlexW3049014197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.