Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34811367›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

A novel mechanism for the loss of mRNA activity in lipid nanoparticle delivery systems.

Meredith Packer, Dipendra Gyawali, Ravikiran Yerabolu, Joseph Schariter, Phil White

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
123citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

123 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Critical Evaluation of Key Methods for RNA Quantification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Post-loading ribonucleic acid into lipid nanoparticle carriers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Impact of ionizable lipid source on quality and stability of siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Meredith PackerModerna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Dipendra GyawaliModerna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Ravikiran YeraboluModerna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Joseph SchariterModerna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Phil WhiteModerna, Inc., 200 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA. phil.white@modernatx.com.ORCID 0000-0002-6078-9061

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA vaccines were rapidly developed and deployed in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Due to the labile nature of mRNA, identifying impurities that could affect product stability and efficacy is crucial to the long-term use of nucleic-acid based medicines. Herein, reversed-phase ion pair high performance liquid chromatography (RP-IP HPLC) was used to identify a class of impurity formed through lipid:mRNA reactions; such reactions are typically undetectable by traditional mRNA purity analytical techniques. The identified modifications render the mRNA untranslatable, leading to loss of protein expression. Specifically, electrophilic impurities derived from the ionizable cationic lipid component are shown to be responsible. Mechanisms implicated in the formation of reactive species include oxidation and subsequent hydrolysis of the tertiary amine. It thus remains critical to ensure robust analytical methods and stringent manufacturing control to ensure mRNA stability and high activity in LNP delivery systems.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsVaccine PotencyAldehydesChromatography, LiquidHumansIonsLipidsLiposomesmRNA VaccinesNanoparticlesNucleosidesOxidation-ReductionProtein BiosynthesisRNA, MessengerRNA StabilityAldehydesIonsLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesmRNA VaccinesNucleosidesRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID34811367
PMCPMC8608879

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.