ArticleNeurology2022
Humoral- and T-Cell-Specific Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients With MS Using Different Disease-Modifying Therapies.
Open access · greenAbstract readComment
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
9.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- ECTRIMS/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19: The Course, Vaccination and Immune Response in People with Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review/meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic review of risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity of COVID-19 with therapies approved to treat multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Heterologous vector versus homologous mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination in non-seroconverted immunosuppressed patients: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Prospective Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Seroconversion in Patients with Haematological Malignancies.Vaccines · 2026Article
- [XVII Post-ECTRIMS Meeting: Review of the New Developments Presented at the 2024 ECTRIMS Congress (I)].Revista de neurologia · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis patients under treatment with interferon β1-a or ocrelizumab exhibit different T and B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of T cell activation: Integrating signaling pathways, experimental models, and therapeutic implications.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Immunological Monitoring During Anti-CD20 Therapies to Predict Infection Risk and Treatment Response in Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- De Novo Immune Induction After COVID-19 Vaccination Under B-Cell Depletion Is Characterized by Robust T-Cellular Immunity in Patients With Inflammatory Central Nervous System Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Recall vaccination increases detectable B-cell reactivity in persons with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Extensive T-Cell Profiling Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Calcium Release-Activated Calcium Modulator ORAI1-Sensitive Serine Dehydratase Regulates Fatty Acid-Induced CD4Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Humoral and Cellular Immunity After Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Interferon Beta and Dimethyl Fumarate.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Minimal association between Th1-specific responses to COVID-19 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in multiple sclerosis patients receiving disease-modifying therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and multiple sclerosis: challenges and lessons for patient care.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Article
- T cell activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR indicative of non-seroconversion in anti-CD20-treated patients with multiple sclerosis following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2024Article
- De-escalation of Disease-Modifying Therapy for People with Multiple Sclerosis Due to Safety Considerations: Characterizing 1-Year Outcomes in 25 People Who Switched from Ocrelizumab to Diroximel Fumarate.Advances in therapy · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 2 institutions in 4 countries.
Carla TortorellaFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9037-7300
Alessandra AielloFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2681-9383
Claudio GasperiniFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Chiara AgratiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Concetta CastillettiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9819-236X
Serena RuggieriFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5287-3290
Silvia MeschiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Giulia MatusaliFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Francesca ColavitaFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Chiara FarroniFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Gilda CuzziFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Eleonora CiminiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Eleonora TartagliaFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Valentina VaniniFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Luca ProsperiniFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3237-6267
Shalom HaggiagFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Simona GalganiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Maria Esmeralda QuartuccioFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Andrea SalmiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Federica RepeleFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Anna Maria Gerarda AlteraFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Flavia CristofanelliFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Alessandra D'AbramoFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Nazario BevilacquaFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Angela CorpolongoFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Vincenzo PuroFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Francesco VaiaFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Maria Rosaria CapobianchiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe IppolitoFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1076-2979
Emanuele NicastriFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5606-8712
Delia GolettiFrom the Department of Neurosciences (C.T., C.G., L.P., S.H., S.G., M.E.Q.), San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital; Translational Research Unit (A.A., C.F., G.C., V.V., A.S., F.R., A.M.G.A., D.G.), Laboratory of Cellular Immunology (C.A., E.C., E.T., Flavia Cristofanelli), Laboratory of Virology (C.C., S.M., G.M., Francesca Colavita, M.R.C.), UOS Professioni Sanitarie Tecniche (V.V.), Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases (A.D.A., N.B., A.C., E.N.), UOC Emerging Infections and CRAIDS (V.P.), Health Direction (F.V.), and Scientific Direction (G.I.), National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS; Department of Human Neurosciences (S.R.), Sapienza University of Rome; and Neuroimmunology Unit (S.R.), IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy. delia.goletti@inmi.it.
INMI COVID-19 Vaccine Study Group
United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission · USTranslational Research Institute · AU
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesTo evaluate the immune-specific response after full severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with different disease-modifying drugs by the detection of both serologic and T-cell responses.
methodsHealthcare workers (HCWs) and patients with MS, having completed the 2-dose schedule of an mRNA-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in the past 2-4 weeks, were enrolled from 2 parallel prospective studies conducted in Rome, Italy, at the National Institute for Infectious diseases Spallanzani-IRCSS and San Camillo Forlanini Hospital. Serologic response was evaluated by quantifying the region-binding domain (RBD) and neutralizing antibodies. Cell-mediated response was analyzed by a whole-blood test quantifying interferon (IFN)-γ response to spike peptides. Cells responding to spike stimulation were identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis.
resultsWe prospectively enrolled 186 vaccinated individuals: 78 HCWs and 108 patients with MS. Twenty-eight patients with MS were treated with IFN-β, 35 with fingolimod, 20 with cladribine, and 25 with ocrelizumab. A lower anti-RBD antibody response rate was found in patients treated with ocrelizumab (40%, DISCUSSION: mRNA vaccines induce both humoral and cell-mediated specific immune responses against spike peptides in all HCWs and in the majority of patients with MS. These results carry relevant implications for managing vaccinations, suggesting promoting vaccination in all treated patients with MS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III data that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces both humoral and cell-mediated specific immune responses against viral spike proteins in a majority of patients with MS.
Indexed as
COVID-19Multiple SclerosisAntibodies, ViralCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansImmunityProspective StudiesRNA, MessengerSARS-CoV-2VaccinationAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesRNA, Messenger
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