SynthesisBMC pediatrics2021
Transmission of cytomegalovirus via breast milk in low birth weight and premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between viral infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Prevention of human milk-acquired cytomegalovirus infection in very-low-birth-weight infants.BMC pediatrics · 2023Trial
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Postnatal CMV Infection in Extremely Premature Newborns: A Single-Center Exploratory Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chain-specific remodeling of the γδ T-cell TCR repertoire in preterm infants with cCMV: a gestational-age-stratified case-control study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy: Effects on the Developing Embryo and Fetus, Diagnosis and Treatment: Where to Go Now? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Clinical Presentation of Postnatally Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection in Preterm Infants-A Case Series Report.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cytomegalovirus and Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Routine breast milk monitoring using automated molecular assay system reduced postnatal CMV infection in preterm infants.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) via breast milk in low birth weight (LBW) and premature infants and its effects.
methodsPubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched for studies (without language and time restriction) published before March 27, 2020, that examined the effect of CMV transmitted by breast milk on LBW and premature infants. The rates of breast milk-acquired CMV infection, CMV-related symptoms, and CMV-related sepsis-like syndrome (CMV-SLS) in LBW and premature infants were pooled from each study.
resultsEighteen studies with 1920 LBW and premature infants were included. The pooled CMV infection rate from breast milk for infants fed untreated breast milk was significantly higher than those fed frozen breast milk [19.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 11.8-29.9% vs. 13.5, 95% CI = 8.0-22.0%, P < 0.01). Similarly, the pooled CMV infection rate for infants fed untreated breast milk was significantly higher than those with mixed feeding (P < 0.0001). The mixed feeding group had a significantly lower rate of CMV-related symptoms than the other groups (2.4%, P < 0.01).
conclusionsThese findings suggested a higher CMV infection rate in LBW or premature infants fed untreated breast milk than other feeding groups. Studies on the long-term outcomes of CMV infection transmitted from breast milk are needed to address the optimal feeding practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.