Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34809450›Full record

ArticlemBio2021

Why Did the Bee Eat the Chicken? Symbiont Gain, Loss, and Retention in the Vulture Bee Microbiome.

Laura L Figueroa, Jessica J Maccaro, Erin Krichilsky, Douglas Yanega, Quinn S McFrederick

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Harvesting the Casualties of War:Ecology and evolution · 2026
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  6. Gut microbiota of BrazilianbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Laura L Figueroa *Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0655-8278
Jessica J Maccaro *Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5137-5361
Erin KrichilskyDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and the Environment, Columbia Universitygrid.21729.3f, New York, New York, USA.
Douglas YanegaDepartment of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.
Quinn S McFrederickDepartment of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0740-6954
University of California, Riverside · USAmerican Museum of Natural History · USCornell University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diet and gut microbiomes are intricately linked on both short and long timescales. Changes in diet can alter the microbiome, while microbes in turn allow hosts to access novel diets. Bees are wasps that switched to a vegetarian lifestyle, and the vast majority of bees feed on pollen and nectar. Some stingless bee species, however, also collect carrion, and a few have fully reverted to a necrophagous lifestyle, relying on carrion for protein and forgoing flower visitation altogether. These "vulture" bees belong to the corbiculate apid clade, which is known for its ancient association with a small group of core microbiome phylotypes. Here, we investigate the vulture bee microbiome, along with closely related facultatively necrophagous and obligately pollinivorous species, to understand how these diets interact with microbiome structure. Via deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and subsequent community analyses, we find that vulture bees have lost some core microbes, retained others, and entered into novel associations with acidophilic microbes found in the environment and on carrion. The abundance of acidophilic bacteria suggests that an acidic gut is important for vulture bee nutrition and health, as has been found in other carrion-feeding animals. Facultatively necrophagous bees have more variable microbiomes than strictly pollinivorous bees, suggesting that bee diet may interact with microbiomes on both short and long timescales. Further study of vulture bees promises to provide rich insights into the role of the microbiome in extreme diet switches.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeAnimal FeedAnimalsBacteriaBacterial Physiological PhenomenaBeesBiodiversityChickensFeeding BehaviorFlowersSymbiosiscarrioncorbiculate apid core microbiomediet switchnecrophagypollinator ecology

Identifiers

PMID34809450
PMCPMC8609352
OpenAlexW3217807760

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.