ArticlePloS one2021
Low numeracy is associated with poor financial well-being around the world.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Personalizing cancer risk: a systematic review of risk communication strategies.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Home-learning environment and cognitive and academic outcomes among children aged 4-8 years: A cross-sectional study from South India.Dialogues in health · 2025Article
- Towards an Active Role of Financial Institutions in Preventing Problem Gambling: A Proposed Conceptual Framework and Taxonomy of Financial Wellbeing Indicators.Journal of gambling studies · 2024Review
- Self-reported anticipated harm from drinking water across 141 countries.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The heavy-tailed valence hypothesis: the human capacity for vast variation in pleasure/pain and how to test it.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Dyscalculia in Early Adulthood: Implications for Numerical Activities of Daily Living.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Beyond High-Income Countries: Low Numeracy Is Associated with Older Adult Age around the World.MDM policy & practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numeracy refers to the ability to use numbers, including converting percentages (e.g., 10%) into absolute frequencies (e.g., 1 in 10). Studies have suggested that numeracy is correlated to financial outcomes, suggesting its relevance to financial decisions. However, almost all research on numeracy has been conducted in high-income countries in Europe and North America. Our analyses suggest that low numeracy is much more common in low-income countries, thus potentially threatening the financial well-being of the world's poorest. We analyzed data from the Lloyd's Register Foundation World Risk Poll, which assessed basic numeracy in 141 countries, including 21 low-income, 34 lower middle income, 43 upper middle income, and 43 high-income countries. Numeracy was associated with being among the poorest 20% of one's country, and with difficulty living on one's income, even after accounting for income, education, and demographics. These findings underscore the importance of worldwide numeracy education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.