Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34807681›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental psychology2021

Family resilience and psychological distress in the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods study.

Lauren Eales, Gail M Ferguson, Sarah Gillespie, Shelby Smoyer, Stephanie M Carlson

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Developmental psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
15.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Family vulnerability, disruption, and parent mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2026
    Article
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  8. Review
  9. Association analysis of family resilience with sleep quality and hope levels in post-modified radical mastectomy breast cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
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  18. The self-reported impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological health of U.S. Air Force cyber personnel.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lauren EalesInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.ORCID 0000-0003-2425-9853
Gail M FergusonInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.ORCID 0000-0002-7865-5352
Sarah GillespieInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.ORCID 0000-0002-9552-4602
Shelby SmoyerInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.ORCID 0000-0002-2991-352X
Stephanie M CarlsonInstitute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.ORCID 0000-0002-7731-9250
University of Minnesota · US

Funding

INSTITUTIONAL NATIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE AWARDT32MH015755 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI Megan R Gunnar · 1985 to 2026
$5.9M
National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Mental HealthNIMH NIH HHS T32 MH015755University of Minnesota; Institute of Child Development
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many changes were thrust upon families by the COVID-19 pandemic, including mandated quarantines, social distancing, transitions to distance learning for children, and remote work. The current study used mixed methods to examine the challenges and resilience of families in the United States during the pandemic (May-July 2020), as well as predictors and moderators of parent/child psychological distress. Our sample included 469 parents (459 mothers) of children aged ∼2-13 years (239 girls, 228 boys, one nonbinary child, one "prefer not to answer" selection), who completed an online survey with closed-ended and open-ended portions. The sample had middle-to-high socioeconomic status and 86% of families were White/non-Hispanic. Qualitative (content and thematic analyses) and quantitative (descriptive statistics and regressions) findings revealed that, even in this relatively privileged sample, parents and families were experiencing struggles in many life domains (e.g., family, school) and shifts in family dynamics and routines, which were related to emotional and mental health. Families experienced many changes in their lives, some positive and some negative, and often exhibited resilience through managing these changes. Our moderation analyses indicated that COVID-19's daily impact was significantly associated with psychological distress for children and parents, and this association was stronger for older versus younger children. Less active/instructive parental media mediation was also related to less child psychological distress. Moving forward, practitioners can focus on preventive efforts including psychoeducation regarding healthy outlets for negative emotions during COVID-19, and practical help troubleshooting childcare and health care challenges impacting many families. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Indexed as

COVID-19Psychological DistressResilience, PsychologicalChildFamily HealthFemaleHumansMaleMothersPandemicsSARS-CoV-2United States

Identifiers

PMID34807681
PMCPMC8611692
OpenAlexW3216036513

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.