ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021
Reporter gene assay for membrane fusion of extracellular vesicles.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicle-Lipid Hybrid Systems for RNA Delivery in Cancer: Structural Classification, Functional Delivery, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Development of a Live-Cell Imaging Assay to Elucidate Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Extracellular Vesicle Fusion with Target Cells.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based targeted protein degradation platform for multiple extracellular proteins.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Microvesicles, exosomes and their combinations with cytoplasmic organelles: from their discovery to their innovative roles in clinical medicine.Biology direct · 2026Review
- Interactions between extracellular vesicles and viruses: lessons learned across species and kingdoms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Interaction vesicles as emerging mediators of host-pathogen molecular crosstalk and their implications for infection dynamics.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- Fusogenic Nanoreactor-Based Detection of Extracellular Vesicle-derived miRNAs for Diagnosing Atherosclerosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Engineering of extracellular vesicles for efficient intracellular delivery of multimodal therapeutics including genome editors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Oncolytic viruses alter the biogenesis of tumor extracellular vesicles and influence their immunogenicity.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Impacts of tissue context on extracellular vesicles-mediated cancer-host cell communications.Cancer science · 2024Review
- Cell-specific extracellular vesicle-encapsulated exogenous GABA controls seizures in epilepsy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Versatile extracellular vesicle-mediated information transfer: intercellular synchronization of differentiation and of cellular phenotypes, and future perspectives.Inflammation and regeneration · 2024Review
- When Extracellular Vesicles Go Viral: A Bird's Eye View.Pathogens & immunity · 2024Article
- Review
- Endosomal egress and intercellular transmission of hepatic ApoE-containing lipoproteins and its exploitation by the hepatitis C virus.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by living cells are expected to deliver biological cargo molecules, including RNA and proteins, to the cytoplasm of recipient cells. There is an increasing need to understand the mechanism of intercellular cargo delivery by EVs. However, the lack of a feasible bioassay has hampered our understanding of the biological processes of EV uptake, membrane fusion, and cargo delivery to recipient cells. Here, we describe a reporter gene assay that can measure the membrane fusion efficiency of EVs during cargo delivery to recipient cells. When EVs containing tetracycline transactivator (tTA)-fused tetraspanins are internalized by recipient cells and fuse with cell membranes, the tTA domain is exposed to the cytoplasm and cleaved by tobacco etch virus protease to induce tetracycline responsive element (TRE)-mediated reporter gene expression in recipient cells. This assay (designated as EV-mediated tetraspanin-tTA delivery assay, ETTD assay), enabled us to assess the cytoplasmic cargo delivery efficiency of EVs in recipient cells. With the help of a vesicular stomatitis virus-derived membrane fusion protein, the ETTD assay could detect significant enhancement of cargo delivery efficiency of EVs. Furthermore, the ETTD assay could evaluate the effect of potential cargo delivery enhancers/inhibitors. Thus, the ETTD assay may contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of the cytoplasmic cargo delivery by EVs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.