Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34806617›Full record

ArticleJournal of Parkinson's disease2022

Anticholinergic Medication Burden in Parkinson's Disease Outpatients.

Huma Nawaz, Lana Sargent, Helengrace Quilon, Leslie J Cloud, Claudia M Testa, Jon D Snider, Sarah K Lageman, Mark S Baron, Brian D Berman, Kristin Zimmerman and 3 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Parkinson's disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Frailty in Parkinson's disease: time to integrate it into treatment decision-making?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Review
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  11. Neuroprotective Effects of Oligosaccharides FromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Huma NawazDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Lana SargentSchool of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Helengrace QuilonVirginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Leslie J CloudDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Claudia M TestaDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Jon D SniderDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Sarah K LagemanDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Mark S BaronDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Brian D BermanDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Kristin ZimmermanDepartment of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Elvin T PriceDepartment of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Nitai D MukhopadhyayDepartment of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Matthew J BarrettDepartment of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

Research Supplement to Promote Diversity in Health Related ResearchUL1TR002649 · NCATS · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI MOELLER, FREDERICK GERARD · 2018 to 2022
$19.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002649
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndividuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) may be especially vulnerable to future cognitive decline from anticholinergic medications.

objectiveTo characterize anticholinergic medication burden, determine the co-occurrence of anticholinergic and cholinesterase inhibitors, and to assess the correlations among anticholinergic burden scales in PD outpatients.

methodsWe studied 670 PD outpatients enrolled in a clinic registry between 2012 and 2020. Anticholinergic burden was measured with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB), Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and Drug Burden Index-Anticholinergic component (DBI-Ach). Correlations between scales were assessed with weighted kappa coefficients.

resultsBetween 31.5 to 46.3% of PD patients were taking medications with anticholinergic properties. Among the scales applied, the ACB produced the highest prevalence of medications with anticholinergic properties (46.3%). Considering only medications with definite anticholinergic activity (scores of 2 or 3 on ACB, ADS, or ARS), the most common anticholinergic drug classes were antiparkinsonian (8.2%), antipsychotic (6.4%), and urological (3.3%) medications. Cholinesterase inhibitors and medications with anticholinergic properties were co-prescribed to 5.4% of the total cohort. The most highly correlated scales were ACB and ADS (κ= 0.71), ACB and ARS (κ= 0.67), and ADS and ARS (κ= 0.55).

conclusionA high proportion of PD patients (20%) were either taking antiparkinsonian, urological, or antipsychotic anticholinergic medications or were co-prescribed anticholinergic medications and cholinesterase inhibitors. By virtue of its detection of a high prevalence of anticholinergic medication usage and its high correlation with other scales, our data support use of the ACB scale to assess anticholinergic burden in PD patients.

Indexed as

Antipsychotic AgentsParkinson DiseaseCholinergic AntagonistsCholinesterase InhibitorsHumansOutpatientsAntipsychotic AgentsCholinergic AntagonistsCholinesterase Inhibitorsanticholinergic medicationscholinesterase inhibitorsParkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease dementia

Identifiers

PMID34806617
PMCPMC9602053
OpenAlexW3211446662

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.