ArticleExpert opinion on therapeutic targets2021
Cholangiocarcinoma: what are the most valuable therapeutic targets - cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, or beyond T cells?
Article in Expert opinion on therapeutic targets, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Amino acid transporters in hepatocellular carcinoma: Gatekeepers of metabolic reprogramming.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Multiomics prediction and immunogenic validation of personalized neoantigens in cholangiocarcinoma patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Harnessing cellular immunotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma: an integrated roadmap for overcoming resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Present and Prospects.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Review
- Review
- Tumor organoid-immune co-culture models: exploring a new perspective of tumor immunity.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Research progress of T cells in cholangiocarcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts in cholangiocarcinoma: the central nexus of tumor-stroma crosstalk and therapeutic translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment plays a Key Role in Driving the Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- Infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor microenvironment within cholangiocarcinoma: immune heterogeneity, intercellular communication, immune checkpoints.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Immunobiology of cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of hepatology · 2023Review
- Cholangiocarcinoma - novel biological insights and therapeutic strategies.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Knowledge and Possible Implications for Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCCAs are dense and desmoplastic tumors with an abundant tumor microenviroment (TME). The evolving TME is characterized by reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and their environment and is essential in facilitating tumor progression. The TME has nonimmune and immune components. Nonimmune cell types include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and endothelial cells accompanying tumor angiogenesis. Immune cell types include elements of the innate and adaptive immune response, and can have pro-tumor or antitumor roles. The TME can shape treatment response and resistance. Therefore, elements of the TME are attractive therapeutic targets. TME targeting therapies have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies but only a small subset of patients has a meaningful response. AREAS COVERED: We discuss the TME components and potential TME targeting strategies. Literature search was performed on PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov until October 2021. EXPERT OPINION: Elucidating the CCA TME is essential for developing effective treatment strategies. Preclinical models that recapitulate the disease (such as organoids) are important tools in uncovering the intricate cross talk in the CCA TME. Characterization of patient-derived specimens using multi-omic and single-omic technologies can dissect the cellular interplay in the CCA TME, which can guide development of effective treatment strategies and identify biomarkers for patient stratification.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.