Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34806078›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in digital health2021

Optimizing Cognitive Assessment Outcome Measures for Alzheimer's Disease by Matching Wordlist Memory Test Features to Scoring Methodology.

Jason R Bock, Julie Russell, Junko Hara, Dennis Fortier

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in digital health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Quantification of Flortaucipir PET for Detecting Tau Pathology.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025
    Article
  4. Predicting CDR status over 36 months with a recall-based digital cognitive biomarker.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The recency ratio assessed by story recall is associated with cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurodegeneration biomarkers.Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior · 2023
    Article
  9. Delayed primacy recall performance predictsAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
    Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jason R BockEmbic Corporation, Newport Beach, CA, United States.
Julie RussellEmbic Corporation, Newport Beach, CA, United States.
Junko HaraEmbic Corporation, Newport Beach, CA, United States.
Dennis FortierEmbic Corporation, Newport Beach, CA, United States.
Saudi Arabia Basic Industries (United States) · US

Funding

Predicting Impending Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Normal IndividualsR44AG065126 · NIA · MEDICAL CARE CORPORATION · PI SHANKLE, WILLIAM RODMAN · 2019 to 2021
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS R44 AG065126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cognitive assessment with wordlist memory tests is a cost-effective and non-invasive method of identifying cognitive changes due to Alzheimer's disease and measuring clinical outcomes. However, with a rising need for more precise and granular measures of cognitive changes, especially in earlier or preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease, traditional scoring methods have failed to provide adequate accuracy and information. Well-validated and widely adopted wordlist memory tests vary in many ways, including list length, number of learning trials, order of word presentation across trials, and inclusion of semantic categories, and these differences meaningfully impact cognition. While many simple scoring methods fail to account for the information that these features provide, extensive effort has been made to develop scoring methodologies, including the use of latent models that enable capture of this information for preclinical differentiation and prediction of cognitive changes. In this perspective article, we discuss prominent wordlist memory tests in use, their features, how different scoring methods fail or successfully capture the information these features provide, and recommendations for emerging cognitive models that optimally account for wordlist memory test features. Matching the use of such scoring methods to wordlist memory tests with appropriate features is key to obtaining precise measurement of subtle cognitive changes.

Indexed as

Alzheimer's diseaseclinical trialscognitive assessmentcognitive modelingdigital cognitive biomarkerslatent cognitive processesreviewwordlist memory tests

Identifiers

PMID34806078
PMCPMC8595108
OpenAlexW3209811864

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.