ArticleJournal of interventional medicine2019
Safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for periductal hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal cooling of the central bile ducts through a percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage tube.
Article in Journal of interventional medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Potential and Challenges of Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Therapies in the Management of Liver and Biliary Tract Cancers.Cancers · 2026Review
- Review
- Percutaneous Cryoablation of Central Liver Tumors with Thermal Protection of the Bile Duct.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2025Article
- Application of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging Combined with Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Laparoscopic Microwave Ablation of Liver Cancer.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsBiliary thermal injury caused by microwave ablation (MWA) for a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) close to the central bile ducts always results in severe complications and leads to mortality. Some studies have demonstrated that intraductal cooling of the biliary tract with chilled saline during thermal ablation can successfully prevent these complications. In this study, we present a novel bile duct cooling technique through a percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) tube for preventing biliary thermal injury caused by MWA, and compare the feasibility and safety of the intraductal cooling technique when performed with a PTCD tube and with an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube.
methodsParticipants were randomly assigned to undergo MWA of HCC with intraductal chilled saline perfusion through a PTCD tube or an ENBD tube. The main study outcomes were bile duct complications related to MWA and local tumor recurrence. p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.
resultsA total of 23 patients with an HCC (23 nodules) close to a central bile duct were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 12 had a PTCD tube and 11 had an ENBD tube placed into the hepatic duct close to the lesions. There were no PTCD- and ENBD-related mortality cases. There was no complication related to the PTCD procedure; however, 3 patients (27.27%) developed acute pancreatitis and 1 patient (9.09%) had hemorrhage in the ENBD group (p = 0.037). One patient (8.33%) in the PTCD group had bile leakage and 2 patients (18.18%) in the ENBD group developed a biloma. Within 5 years, 1 patient in the PTCD group and 2 patients in the ENBD group had local recurrence. There was no significant difference in local recurrence, nonlocal hepatic recurrence, mortality rate, or median cumulative overall survival between the 2 groups.
conclusionsThe intraductal cooling technique using a PTCD tube is a feasible and effective method for preventing bile duct thermal injury caused by MWA for an HCC close to the central bile ducts. It does not increase local recurrence and may be safer than intraductal cooling through an ENBD tube.
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