ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Drug Resistance in HIV-Positive Adults During the Initial Year of Antiretroviral Treatment at Ethiopian Health Centers.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of HIV drug resistance among patients experiencing first-line treatment failure in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- HIV-1 prevalence, drug resistance, and associated factors in the urban Ethiopian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Examining and classifying reasons for missing viral loads among adults living with HIV: An extended outcome investigation and ascertainment approach in Western Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of survival pattern and its predictors among HIV positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia public health facilities: a retrospective cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increasing prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa threatens the success of HIV programs. We have characterized patterns of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) during the initial year of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV-positive adults receiving care at Ethiopian health centers and investigated the impact of tuberculosis on DRM acquisition.
methodsParticipants were identified from a cohort of ART-naïve individuals aged ≥18 years, all of whom had been investigated for active tuberculosis at inclusion. Individuals with viral load (VL) data at 6 and/or 12 months after ART initiation were selected for this study. Genotypic testing was performed on samples with VLs ≥500 copies/mL obtained on these occasions and on pre-ART samples from those with detectable DRMs during ART. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between DRM acquisition and tuberculosis.
resultsAmong 621 included individuals (110 [17.5%] with concomitant tuberculosis), 101/621 (16.3%) had a VL ≥500 copies/mL at 6 and/or 12 months. DRMs were detected in 64/98 cases with successful genotyping (65.3%). DRMs were detected in 7/56 (12.5%) pre-ART samples from these individuals. High pre-ART VL and low mid-upper arm circumference were associated with increased risk of DRM acquisition, whereas no such association was found for concomitant tuberculosis.
conclusionsAmong adults receiving health center-based ART in Ethiopia, most patients without virological suppression during the first year of ART had detectable DRM. Acquisition of DRM during this period was the dominant cause of antiretroviral drug resistance in this setting. Tuberculosis did not increase the risk of DRM acquisition.
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