Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34805419›Full record

ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021

Systematic Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Professional Male Rugby Players: Pattern, Injury Mechanism, and Biomechanics in 57 Consecutive Cases.

Francesco Della Villa, Filippo Tosarelli, Rocco Ferrari, Alberto Grassi, Luca Ciampone, Gianni Nanni, Stefano Zaffagnini, Matthew Buckthorpe

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Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  9. Boosting the clinical use of ground reaction forces in anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention: The 'CUTtheACL' study.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Francesco Della VillaEducation and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.
Filippo TosarelliEducation and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.
Rocco FerrariEducation and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.
Alberto GrassiII Clinica Ortopedica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
Luca CiamponeEducation and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.
Gianni NanniEducation and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.
Stefano ZaffagniniII Clinica Ortopedica, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
Matthew BuckthorpeEducation and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries represent a significant burden to rugby players. Improving our understanding of the patterns and biomechanics that result in ACL injury may aid in the design of effective prevention programs. PURPOSE: To describe, using video analysis, the mechanisms, situational patterns, and biomechanics of ACL injuries in professional rugby matches. Further aims were to document injuries according to pitch location and timing within the match. STUDY

designCase series; Level of evidence, 4.

methodsA total of 62 ACL injuries were identified in players of the 4 most important rugby leagues across 4 consecutive seasons. We analyzed 57 (92%) injury videos for injury mechanism and situational patterns; biomechanical analysis was performed on indirect and noncontact ACL injuries only (38 cases available). Three reviewers independently evaluated each video.

resultsMore injuries occurred while attacking than defending (41 [72%] vs 16 [28%];

conclusionMost ACL injuries in professional male rugby players happened through a noncontact or indirect contact mechanism (68%). Three situational patterns were described, including offensive change of direction, being tackled, and pressing/tackling. Biomechanical analysis confirmed a multiplanar mechanism, with a knee-loading pattern in the sagittal plane accompanied by dynamic valgus. As most injuries occurred in the first 40 minutes, accumulated fatigue appears not to be a major risk factor for ACL injury.

Indexed as

ACL injurybiomechanicsinjury mechanisminjury prevention

Identifiers

PMID34805419
PMCPMC8597070

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.