Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34804636›Full record

ArticleJournal of European CME2021

Triage 4.0: On Death Algorithms and Technological Selection. Is Today's Data- Driven Medical System Still Compatible with the Constitution?

Dirk Helbing, Thomas Beschorner, Bruno Frey, Andreas Diekmann, Thilo Hagendorff, Peter Seele, Sarah Spiekermann-Hoff, Jeroen van den Hoven, Andrej Zwitter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of European CME, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Dirk HelbingComputational Social Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-0101
Thomas BeschornerInstitute for Business Ethics, University of St. Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7097-647X
Bruno FreyCrema, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Zürich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-6655
Andreas DiekmannInstitut für Soziologie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-5591
Thilo HagendorffAI Research Building, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-2153
Peter SeeleEthics and Communication Law Center, USI Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6456-4003
Sarah Spiekermann-HoffInstitute for Information Systems & Society, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-3961
Jeroen van den HovenDepartment of Values, Technology & Innovation, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2376-3185
Andrej ZwitterGovernance and Innovation, University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-141X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Health data bear great promises for a healthier and happier life, but they also make us vulnerable. Making use of millions or billions of data points, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are now creating new benefits. For sure, harvesting Big Data can have great potentials for the health system, too. It can support accurate diagnoses, better treatments and greater cost effectiveness. However, it can also have undesirable implications, often in the sense of undesired side effects, which may in fact be terrible. Examples for this, as discussed in this article, are discrimination, the mechanisation of death, and genetic, social, behavioural or technological selection, which may imply eugenic effects or social Darwinism. As many unintended effects become visible only after years, we still lack sufficient criteria, long-term experience and advanced methods to reliably exclude that things may go terribly wrong. Handing over decision-making, responsibility or control to machines, could be dangerous and irresponsible. It would also be in serious conflict with human rights and our constitution.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencebig dataethicseugenicstechnological selectionTriagetrolley problem

Identifiers

PMID34804636
PMCPMC8604483

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.