Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34804253›Full record

ArticleSocial network analysis and mining2022

A deep dive into COVID-19-related messages on WhatsApp in Pakistan.

R Tallal Javed, Muhammad Usama, Waleed Iqbal, Junaid Qadir, Gareth Tyson, Ignacio Castro, Kiran Garimella

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Social network analysis and mining, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

R Tallal JavedInformation Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-7271-4374
Muhammad UsamaInformation Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Waleed IqbalQueen Merry University, London, UK.
Junaid QadirInformation Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Gareth TysonQueen Merry University, London, UK.
Ignacio CastroQueen Merry University, London, UK.
Kiran GarimellaMIT, Cambridge, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The spread of COVID-19 and the lockdowns that followed led to an increase in activity on online social networks. This has resulted in users sharing unfiltered and unreliable information on social networks like WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, etc. In this work, we give an extended overview of how Pakistan's population used public WhatsApp groups for sharing information related to the pandemic. Our work is based on a major effort to annotate thousands of text and image-based messages. We explore how information propagates across WhatsApp and the user behavior around it. Specifically, we look at political polarization and its impact on how users from different political parties shared COVID-19-related content. We also try to understand information dissemination across different social networks-Twitter and WhatsApp-in Pakistan and find that there is no significant bot involvement in spreading misinformation about the pandemic.

Indexed as

InfodemicMisinformationSocial computing

Identifiers

PMID34804253
PMCPMC8590927

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.