ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Profiling Antibody Response Patterns in COVID-19: Spike S1-Reactive IgA Signature in the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adenovectored RSV prefusion glycoprotein + soluble glycoprotein combination immunization establishes persistent opsonophagocytic antibody response through IgG3.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Enhanced adenoviral reactivity in Guillain-Barré syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Selective IgA Deficiency and COVID-19 Outcomes: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Humoral waning kinetics against SARS-CoV-2 is dictated by disease severity and vaccine platform.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in kidney transplant recipients and dialysis patients: IgA and IgG patterns unraveled after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Immunoglobulins in COVID-19 pneumonia: from the acute phase to the recovery phase.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Serum antibody fingerprinting of SARS-CoV-2 variants in infected and vaccinated subjects by label-free microarray biosensor.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The longitudinal characterization of immune responses in COVID-19 patients reveals novel prognostic signatures for disease severity, patients' survival and long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Individual Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection-The Role of Seasonal Coronaviruses and Human Leukocyte Antigen.Biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Immunoglobulins response of COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 vaccine recipients, and random individuals.PloS one · 2023Article
- Immune profiles to distinguish hospitalized versus ambulatory COVID-19 cases in older patients.iScience · 2022Article
- IL-6, IL-10, sFas, granulysin and indicators of intestinal permeability as early biomarkers for a fatal outcome in COVID-19.Immunobiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in seronegative patients with long COVID.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Persistence of Naturally Acquired and Functional SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Blood Donors One Year after Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- Antibodies against Spike protein correlate with broad autoantigen recognition 8 months post SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and anti-calprotectin autoantibodies associated with better clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Persistent but dysfunctional mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and low lung IL-1β associate with COVID-19 fatal outcome: A cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibody responses in Lower Austria.PloS one · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV.Oxford open immunology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This contribution explores in a new statistical perspective the antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 141 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhibiting a broad range of clinical manifestations. This cohort accurately reflects the characteristics of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy. We determined the IgM, IgA, and IgG levels towards SARS-CoV-2 S1, S2, and NP antigens, evaluating their neutralizing activity and relationship with clinical signatures. Moreover, we longitudinally followed 72 patients up to 9 months postsymptoms onset to study the persistence of the levels of antibodies. Our results showed that the majority of COVID-19 patients developed an early virus-specific antibody response. The magnitude and the neutralizing properties of the response were heterogeneous regardless of the severity of the disease. Antibody levels dropped over time, even though spike reactive IgG and IgA were still detectable up to 9 months. Early baseline antibody levels were key drivers of the subsequent antibody production and the long-lasting protection against SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, we identified anti-S1 IgA as a good surrogate marker to predict the clinical course of COVID-19. Characterizing the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant for the early clinical management of patients as soon as they are diagnosed and for implementing the current vaccination strategies.
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