ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Expression of Immune Related Genes and Possible Regulatory Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicted brain-regional gene expression patterns in individuals living with Alzheimer's disease.Neurobiology of aging · 2026Article
- Integrative Transcriptomics and Mendelian Randomization IdentifyCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Identification of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-related genes-based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease based on bioinformatics analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Integrated transcriptomic analysis of the temporal cortex identifies CRH and GAD2 as neuropathological markers and reveals altered immune microenvironment in Alzheimer's disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification of N4-Acetylcytidine-Related Biomarkers in Adult Asthma: An Integrative Multi-Omics Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Association between Alzheimer's disease and MHC-I antigen processing and presentation pathway: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integration of single-cell and bulk transcriptomics reveals the association of manganese metabolism-related genes with prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Decoding Pathogenic Mutational Landscapes in Alzheimer's Disease Through Integrated Transcriptomics.Human mutation · 2026Article
- Analysis of immune-related biomarkers in amniotic fluid embolism by sequencing data and bioinformatics.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Review
- White Blood Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases in the Context of Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Environmental Stressors and Neuroinflammation: Linking Climate Change to Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Hypoxic Natural Killer Cells-Derived HIF-1α-Containing Exosomes Inhibit Cellular Senescence and Apoptosis in Neurocytes to Ameliorate Alzheimer's Disease by Eliminating Oxidative Damages.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Horizons: Gut Microbiome, Neuroinflammation, and Epigenetics in Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- What Information do Systemic Pathological Changes Bring to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Identification of GABBR2 as a diagnostic marker and its association with Aβ in Alzheimer's disease.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Single-Cell RNA and Transcriptome Sequencing to Analyze the Role of Lactate Metabolism in Traumatic Brain Injury Astrocytes.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune infiltration of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells in the brain has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Immunity-related genes (IRGs) play an essential role in immune infiltration; however, the expression of IRGs and possible regulatory mechanisms involved in AD remain unclear. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data from patients with AD were analyzed and PBMCs obtained from the ImmPort database were screened for cluster marker genes. IRG activity was calculated using the AUCell package. A bulk sequencing dataset of AD brain tissues was analyzed to explore common IRGs between PBMCs and the brain. Relevant regulatory transcription factors (TFs) were identified from the Human TFDB database. The protein-protein interaction network of key TFs were generated using the STRING database. Eight clusters were identified, including memory CD4 T, NKT, NK, B, DC, CD8 T cells, and platelets. NK cells were significantly decreased in patients with AD, while CD4 T cells were increased. NK and DC cells exhibited the highest IRG activity. GO and KEGG analyses of the scRNA and bulk sequencing data showed that the DEGs focused on the immune response. Seventy common IRGs were found in both peripheral NK cells and the brain. Seventeen TFs were associated with IRG expression, and the PPI network indicated that STAT3, IRF1, and REL were the hub TFs. In conclusion, we propose that peripheral NK cells may infiltrate the brain and contribute to neuroinflammatory changes in AD through bioinformatic analysis of scRNA and bulk sequencing data. Moreover, STAT3 may be involved in the transcriptional regulation of IRGs in NK cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.