Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34804002›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021

Oxidative Stress Leads to β-Cell Dysfunction Through Loss of β-Cell Identity.

Floris Leenders, Nathalie Groen, Natascha de Graaf, Marten A Engelse, Ton J Rabelink, Eelco J P de Koning, Françoise Carlotti

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed
13.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  4. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis: Mechanisms, Early Diagnostic Strategies, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
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  9. Therapeutic Effects of ProbioticFood science & nutrition · 2026
    Article
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  12. Review
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  16. Article
  17. Folate.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Floris LeendersDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Nathalie GroenDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Natascha de GraafDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Marten A EngelseDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Ton J RabelinkDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Eelco J P de KoningDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Françoise CarlottiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Leiden University Medical Center · NLUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic β-cell failure is a critical event in the onset of both main types of diabetes mellitus but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. β-cells have low anti-oxidant capacity, making them more susceptible to oxidative stress. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with pro-inflammatory conditions at the onset of the disease. Here, we investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress on human β-cells. We show that primary human β-cell function is decreased. This reduced function is associated with an ER stress response and the shuttling of FOXO1 to the nucleus. Furthermore, oxidative stress leads to loss of β-cell maturity genes MAFA and PDX1, and to a concomitant increase in progenitor marker expression of SOX9 and HES1. Overall, we propose that oxidative stress-induced β-cell failure may result from partial dedifferentiation. Targeting antioxidant mechanisms may preserve functional β-cell mass in early stages of development of T1D.

Indexed as

AntioxidantsBiomarkersCell DifferentiationCell LineDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Homeodomain ProteinsHumansInsulin-Secreting CellsMaf Transcription Factors, LargeOxidative StressReactive Oxygen SpeciesSOX9 Transcription FactorTrans-ActivatorsTranscription Factor HES-1AntioxidantsBiomarkersHES1 protein, humanHomeodomain ProteinsMAFA protein, humanMaf Transcription Factors, Largepancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 proteinReactive Oxygen SpeciesSOX9 protein, humanSOX9 Transcription FactorTrans-ActivatorsTranscription Factor HES-1beta-cell dedifferentiationbeta-cell dysfunctionbeta-cell identityoxidative stresstype 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D)

Identifiers

PMID34804002
PMCPMC8601632
OpenAlexW3212218265

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.