ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Impact of Andropause on Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Testosterone in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The problem with one-size-fits-all medicine: Biological sex and the aging immune system.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Expert Opinion on Age-Related Sex Hormone Changes and Hypogonadism in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Delphi Consensus Program.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2026Review
- Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Brain Nuclei in the Regulation of Sexual Behavior, Peripheral Nerves Related to Reproduction, and Their Alterations in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Brief Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Advancing multiple sclerosis management in older adults.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Effects of androgen modifying therapies on disease activity in older men with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Observational
- Decoding sex differences in human immunity through systems immunology.Oxford open immunology · 2025Review
- Association between autoimmunity-related disorders and prostate cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Article
- Imaging phenotypic differences in multiple sclerosis: at the crossroads of aging, sex, race, and ethnicity.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Review
- Association between multiple sclerosis and prostate cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.Oncology letters · 2023Article
- Aging in multiple sclerosis: from childhood to old age, etiopathogenesis, and unmet needs: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Menopause and ageing in women with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Andropause results from the natural decrease in testosterone levels that occurs with age. In contrast to menopause, which is a universal, well-characterized process associated with absolute gonadal failure, andropause ensues after gradual decline of both hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, as well as of testicular function, a process which usually develops over a period of many years. Increasing evidence on greater risk of Multiple sclerosis (MS) associated with lower testosterone levels is being reported. Likewise, epidemiological studies have shown a later age of onset of MS in men, relative to women, which could perhaps respond to the decline in protective testosterone levels. In this review, we will discuss the role of androgens in the development and function of the innate and adaptive immune response, as well as in neuroprotective mechanisms relevant to MS. Testosterone effects observed in different animal models and in epidemiological studies in humans will be discussed, as well as their correlation with physical disability and cognitive function levels. Finally, published and ongoing clinical trials exploring the role of androgens, particularly at key stages of sexual maturation, will be reviewed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.